Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-tf8b9 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-23T02:50:46.391Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Detrital Sr–Nd isotopes, sediment provenances and depositional processes in the Laxmi Basin of the Arabian Sea during the last 800 ka

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  23 November 2018

Boo-Keun Khim*
Affiliation:
Department of Oceanography, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea
Keiji Horikawa
Affiliation:
Graduate School of Science and Engineering for Research, University of Toyama, Toyama 930-8555, Japan
Yoshihiro Asahara
Affiliation:
Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
Ji-Eun Kim
Affiliation:
Department of Oceanography, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea
Minoru Ikehara
Affiliation:
Center for Advanced Marine Core Research, Kochi University, Nankoku 783-8502, Japan

Abstract

87Sr/86Sr ratios and εNd values of detrital particles at International Ocean Discovery Program (IODP) Site U1456 in the Laxmi Basin of the Arabian Sea were measured to trace changes in sediment provenance over glacial–interglacial cycles. Based on the correlation of planktonic foraminiferal (Globigerinoides ruber) δ18O fluctuations with the LR04 stack of benthic foraminifera δ18O values, combined with shipboard biostratigraphic and palaeomagnetic data, the studied interval spans ∼1.2 Ma. Over the past 800 ka, 87Sr/86Sr values ranged from 0.711 to 0.726 while εNd values ranged between −12.5 and −7.3 in the detrital particles. By comparing 87Sr/86Sr ratios and εNd values of the possible sources of river sediments with our data, we found that sediments in the Laxmi Basin were influenced to various degrees by proportions of at least three sediment sources (i.e. Tapi River, Narmada River and Indus River). The Indus River might be a more important contributor to glacial sediments. Although 87Sr/86Sr ratios and εNd values varied quasi-cyclically, this pattern did not correspond precisely to the glacial–interglacial cycles. In particular, low-magnetic-susceptibility (low-MS) intervals coinciding with pelagic carbonates were characterized by low 87Sr/86Sr ratios and high εNd values, whereas high-MS intervals matching turbidite deposits showed high 87Sr/86Sr ratios and low εNd values. Thus, this study reveals that differences in the depositional processes between glacial and interglacial periods, governed by changes in sea level and monsoon activity, are an important factor in deciding 87Sr/86Sr ratios and εNd values of the detrital fraction in the Indus Fan of the Arabian Sea.

Type
Original Article
Copyright
© Cambridge University Press 2018

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Ahmad, S, Anil Babu, G, Padmakumari, V, Dayal, A, Sukhija, B and Nagabhushanam, P (2005) Sr, Nd isotopic evidence of terrigenous flux variations in the Bay of Bengal: implications of monsoons during the last ∼34,000 years. Geophysical Research Letters 32, L2271. doi: 10.1029/2005GL024519.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ahmad, SM, Padmakumari, V and Babu, GA (2009) Strontium and neodymium isotopic compositions in sediments from Godavari, Krishna and Pennar rivers. Current Science 97, 1766–9.Google Scholar
Akaram, V, Das, S, Rai, A and Mishra, G (2015) Heavy mineral variation in the deep sea sediment of southeastern Arabian Sea during the past 32 kyr. Journal of Earth System Science 124, 477–86.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Alagarsamy, R and Zhang, J (2005) Comparative studies on trace metal geochemistry in Indian and Chinese rivers. Current Science 89, 299309.Google Scholar
Alizai, A, Hillier, S, Clift, PD and Giosan, L (2012) Clay mineral variations in Holocene terrestrial sediments from the Indus Basin; a response to SW Asian Monsoon variability. Quaternary Research 77, 368–81.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Altabet, MA, Murray, DW and Prell, WL (1999) Climatically linked oscillations in Arabian Sea denitrification over the past 1 my: implications for the marine N cycle. Paleoceanography 14, 732–43.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Andrews, JT and Eberl, DD (2012) Determination of sediment provenance by unmixing the mineralogy of source-area sediments: the “SedUnMix” program. Marine Geology 291, 2433.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Asahara, Y, Tanaka, T, Kamioka, H, Nishimura, A and Yamazaki, T (1999) Provenance of the north Pacific sediments and process of source material transport as derived from Rb–Sr isotopic systematics. Chemical Geology 158, 271–91.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Avinash, K, Kurian, PJ, Warrier, AK, Shankar, R, Vineesh, T and Ravindra, R (2016) Sedimentary sources and processes in the eastern Arabian Sea: insights from environmental magnetism, geochemistry and clay mineralogy. Geoscience Frontiers 7, 253–64.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Avinash, K, Manjunath, BR and Kurian, PJ (2015) Glacial-interglacial productivity contrasts along the eastern Arabian Sea: dominance of convective mixing over upwelling. Geoscience Frontiers 6, 913–25.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Awasthi, N, Ray, JS, Singh, AK, Band, ST and Rai, VK (2014) Provenance of the Late Quaternary sediments in the Andaman Sea: implications for monsoon variability and ocean circulation. Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems 15, 3890–906.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Banakar, VK, Oba, T, Chodankar, AR, Kuramoto, T, Yamamoto, M and Minagawa, M (2005) Monsoon related changes in sea surface productivity and water column denitrification in the Eastern Arabian Sea during the last glacial cycle. Marine Geology 219, 99108.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bayon, G, German, C, Boella, R, Milton, J, Taylor, R and Nesbitt, R (2002) An improved method for extracting marine sediment fractions and its application to Sr and Nd isotopic analysis. Chemical Geology 187, 179–99.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Blum, J and Erel, Y (2003) Radiogenic isotopes in weathering and hydrology. In Surface and Ground Water, Weathering, and Soils (ed. Drever, JI), pp. 365–9. Treatise on Geochemistry, vol. 5. Oxford: Elsevier-Pergamon.Google Scholar
Borole, D, Sarin, M and Somayajulu, B (1982) Composition of Narbada and Tapti estuarine particles and adjacent Arabian Sea sediments. Indian Journal of Marine Science 11, 5162.Google Scholar
Bookhagen, B and Burbank, DW (2006) Topography, relief, and TRMM-derived rainfall variations along the Himalaya. Geophysical Research Letters 33, L08405. doi: 10.1029/2006GL026037.Google Scholar
Bourget, J, Zaragosi, S, Rodriguez, M, Fournier, M, Garlan, T and Chamot-Rooke, N (2013) Late Quaternary megaturbidites of the Indus Fan: origin and stratigraphic significance. Marine Geology 336, 1023.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Caley, T, Malaizë, B., Zaragosi, S, Rossignol, L, Bourget, J, Eynaud, F, Martinez, P, Giraudeau, J, Charlier, K and Ellouz-Zimmermann, N (2011) New Arabian Sea records help decipher orbital timing of Indo-Asian monsoon. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 308, 433–44.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Calvès, G, Huuse, M, Clift, PD and Brusset, S (2015) Giant fossil mass wasting off the coast of West India: the Nataraja submarine slide. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 432, 265–72.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chakrabarti, R, Basu, AR and Chakrabarti, A (2007) Trace element and Nd-isotopic evidence for sediment sources in the mid-Proterozoic Vindhyan Basin, central India. Precambrian Research 159, 260–74.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chandramohan, T and Balchand, A (2007) Regional sediment yield pattern for the west flowing rivers of Kerala State, India. Materials and Geoenvironment 54, 501–11Google Scholar
Chauhan, OS and Gujar, A (1996) Surficial clay mineral distribution on the southwestern continental margin of India: evidence of input from the Bay of Bengal. Continental Shelf Research 16, 321–33.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chauhan, OS, Dayal, A, Basavaiah, N and Kader, U (2010) Indian summer monsoon and winter hydrographic variations over past millennia resolved by clay sedimentation. Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems 11, Q09009. doi: 10.1029/2010GC003067.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chirouze, F, Huyghe, P, Chauvel, C, van der Beek, P, Bernet, M and Mugnier, JL (2015) Stable drainage pattern and variable exhumation in the Western Himalaya since the Middle Miocene. Journal of Geology 123, 120.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Clift, PD (2002) A brief history of the Indus River. In The Tectonic and Climatic Evolution of the Arabian Sea Region (eds Clift, PD, Kroon, D, Gaedicke, C and Craig, J), pp. 237–58. Geological Society of London, Special Publication no. 195.Google Scholar
Clift, PD and Blusztajn, J (2005) Reorganization of the western Himalayan river system after five million years ago. Nature 438, 1001–3.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Clift, P, Gaedicke, C, Edwards, R, Lee, JI, Hildebrand, P, Amjad, S, White, RS and Schlüter, H-U (2002 a) The stratigraphic evolution of the Indus Fan and the history of sedimentation in the Arabian Sea. Marine Geophysical Researches 23, 223–45.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Clift, PD and Giosan, L (2014) Sediment fluxes and buffering in the post-glacial Indus Basin. Basin Research 26, 369–86.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Clift, PD, Giosan, L, Blusztajn, J, Campbell, IH, Allen, C, Pringle, M, Tabrez, AR, Danish, M, Rabbani, M and Alizai, A (2008) Holocene erosion of the Lesser Himalaya triggered by intensified summer monsoon. Geology 36, 7982.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Clift, PD, Giosan, L, Carter, A, Garzanti, E, Galy, V, Tabrez, AR, Pringle, M, Campbell, IH, France-Lanord, C and Blusztajn, J (2010) Monsoon control over erosion patterns in the western Himalaya: possible feed-back into the tectonic evolution. In Monsoon Evolution and Tectonic-Climate Linkage in Asia (eds Clift, PD, Tada, R and Zheng, H), pp. 185218. Geological Society of London, Special Publication no. 342.Google Scholar
Clift, PD, Lee, JI, Hildebrand, P, Shimizu, N, Layne, GD, Blusztajn, J, Blum, JD, Garzanti, E and Khan, AA (2002 b) Nd and Pb isotope variability in the Indus River System: implications for sediment provenance and crustal heterogeneity in the Western Himalaya. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 200, 91106.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Clift, PD, Shimizu, N, Layne, G, Blusztajn, J, Gaedicke, C, Schlüter, H-U, Clark, M and Amjad, S (2001) Development of the Indus Fan and its significance for the erosional history of the Western Himalaya and Karakoram. Geological Society of America Bulletin 113, 1039–51.2.0.CO;2>CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cole, JM, Goldstein, SL, Hemming, SR and Grousset, FE (2009) Contrasting compositions of Saharan dust in the eastern Atlantic Ocean during the last deglaciation and African Humid Period. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 278, 257–66.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Colin, C, Turpin, L, Bertaux, J, Desprairies, A and Kissel, C (1999) Erosional history of the Himalayan and Burman ranges during the last two glacial–interglacial cycles. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 171, 647–60.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Colin, C, Turpin, L, Blamart, D, Frank, N, Kissel, C and Duchamp, S (2006) Evolution of weathering patterns in the Indo‐Burman Ranges over the last 280 kyr: effects of sediment provenance on 87Sr/86Sr ratios tracer. Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems 7, Q03007. doi: 10.1029/2005GC000962.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Das, SS, Rai, AK, Akaram, V, Verma, D, Pandey, A, Dutta, K and Prasad, GR (2013) Paleoenvironmental significance of clay mineral assemblages in the southeastern Arabian Sea during last 30 kyr. Journal of Earth System Science 122, 173–85.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dasch, EJ (1969) Strontium isotopes in weathering profiles, deep-sea sediments, and sedimentary rocks. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 33, 1521–52.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Decelles, PG, Kapp, P, Gehrels, GE and Ding, L (2014) Paleocene-Eocene foreland basin evolution in the Himalaya of southern Tibet and Nepal: implications for the age of initial India-Asia collision. Tectonics 33, 824–49.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dietze, E, Hartmann, K, Diekmann, B, Ijmker, J, Lehmkuhl, F, Opitz, S, Stauch, G, Wünnemann, B and Borchers, A (2012) An end-member algorithm for deciphering modern detrital processes from lake sediments of Lake Donggi Cona NE Tibetan Plateau, China. Sedimentary Geology 243/244, 169–80.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Feng, J-L, Zhu, L-P, Zhen, X-L and Hu, Z-G (2009) Grain size effect on Sr and Nd isotopic compositions in eolian dust: implications for tracing dust provenance and Nd model age. Geochemical Journal 43, 123–31.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Folk, RL and Ward, WC (1957) Brazos River bar: a study in the significance of grain size parameters. Journal of Sedimentary Research 27, 326.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Garzanti, E, Vezzoli, G, Ando, S, Paparella, P and Clift, PD (2005) Petrology of Indus River sands: a key to interpret erosion history of the Western Himalayan Syntaxis. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 229, 287302.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Giosan, L, Constantinescu, S, Clift, PD, Tabrez, AR, Danish, M and Inam, A (2006) Recent morphodynamics of the Indus delta shore and shelf. Continental Shelf Research 26, 1668–84.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Goldstein, SL and Hemming, SR (2003) Long-lived isotopic tracers in oceanography, paleoceanography, and ice-sheet dynamics. In The Oceans and Marine Geochemistry (eds Holland, HD and Turekian, KK), pp. 453–89. Treatise on Geochemistry, vol. 6. Oxford: Elsevier-Pergamon.Google Scholar
Goldstein, S, O’nions, R and Hamilton, P (1984) A Sm–Nd isotopic study of atmospheric dusts and particulates from major river systems. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 70, 221–36.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Goswami, V, Singh, SK, Bhushan, R and Rai, VK (2012) Temporal variations in 87Sr/86Sr and εNd in sediments of the southeastern Arabian Sea: impact of monsoon and surface water circulation. Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems 13, Q01001. doi: 10.1029/2011GC003802.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Grousset, FE and Biscaye, PE (2005) Tracing dust sources and transport patterns using Sr, Nd and Pb isotopes. Chemical Geology 222, 149–67.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gupta, H, Chakrapani, GJ, Selvaraj, K and Kao, S-J (2011) The fluvial geochemistry, contributions of silicate, carbonate and saline–alkaline components to chemical weathering flux and controlling parameters: Narmada River (Deccan Traps), India. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 75, 800–24.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Haake, B, Ittekkot, V, Rixen, T, Ramaswamy, V, Nair, R and Curry, W (1993) Seasonality and interannual variability of particle fluxes to the deep Arabian Sea. Deep-Sea Research I 40, 1323–44.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Harris, N, Santosh, M and Taylor, P (1994) Crustal evolution in South India: constraints from Nd isotopes. The Journal of Geology 102, 139–50.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Holz, C, Stuut, J-BW, Henrich, R and Meggers, H (2007) Variability in terrigenous sedimentation processes off northwest Africa and its relation to climate changes: inferences from grain-size distributions of a Holocene marine sediment record. Sedimentary Geology 202, 499508.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Inam, A, Clift, PD, Giosan, L, Tabrez, AR, Tahir, M, Rabbani, MM and Danish, M (2007) The geographic, geological and oceanographic setting of the Indus River. In Large Rivers: Geomorphology and Management (ed. Gupta, A), pp. 333–46. New York: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Innocent, C, Fagel, N and Hillaire-Marcel, C (2000) Sm–Nd isotope systematics in deep-sea sediments: clay-size versus coarser fractions. Marine Geology 168, 7987.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jacobsen, SB and Wasserburg, GJ (1980) Sm–Nd isotopic evolution of chondrites. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 50, 139–55.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jonell, TN, Li, Y, Blusztajn, J, Giosan, L and Clift, PD (2018) Signal or noise? Isolating grain size effects on Nd and Sr isotope variability in Indus delta sediment provenance. Chemical Geology 485, 5673.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Joussain, R, Colin, C, Liu, Z, Meynadier, L, Fournier, L, Fauquembergue, K, Zaragosi, S, Schmidt, F, Rojas, V and Bassinot, F (2016) Climatic control of sediment transport from the Himalayas to the proximal NE Bengal Fan during the last glacial-interglacial cycle. Quaternary Science Reviews 148, 116.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kale, VS, Mishra, S and Baker, VR (2003) Sedimentary records of palaeofloods in the bedrock gorges of the Tapi and Narmada rivers, central India. Current Science 84, 1072–9.Google Scholar
Karim, A and Veizer, J (2002) Water balance of the Indus River Basin and moisture source in the Karakoram and western Himalayas: implications from hydrogen and oxygen isotopes in river water. Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres 107, 4362. doi: 10.1029/2000JD000253.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kessarkar, PM, Rao, VP, Ahmad, S and Babu, GA (2003) Clay minerals and Sr–Nd isotopes of the sediments along the western margin of India and their implication for sediment provenance. Marine Geology 202, 5569.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kim, JE, Khim, BK, Ikehara, M and Lee, J (2018) Orbital-scale denitrification changes in the Eastern Arabian Sea during the last 800 kyrs. Scientific Reports 8, 7072.Google ScholarPubMed
Kolla, V and Coumes, F (1987) Morphology, internal structure, seismic stratigraphy, and sedimentation of Indus Fan. American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin 71, 650–77.Google Scholar
Kolla, V, Henderson, L and Biscaye, PE (1976) Clay mineralogy and sedimentation in the western Indian Ocean. Deep-Sea Research 23, 949–61.Google Scholar
Kolla, V, Kostecki, J, Robinson, F, Biscaye, P and Ray, P (1981) Distributions and origins of clay minerals and quartz in surface sediments of the Arabian Sea. Journal of Sedimentary Research 51, 563–9.Google Scholar
Li, Y, Clift, PD, Boening, P, Guilderson, T and Giosan, L (2015) Controls on sediment flux through the Indus Submarine Canyon during the Last Glacial Cycle. In Society of Exploration Geophysicists Annual Meeting, 18–23 October 2015, New Orleans, Louisiana USA (ed. Schneider, RV), pp. 1907–11.Google Scholar
Limmer, DR, Böning, P, Giosan, L, Ponton, C, Köhler, CM, Cooper, MJ, Tabrez, AR and Clift, PD (2012 a) Geochemical record of Holocene to Recent sedimentation on the Western Indus continental shelf, Arabian Sea. Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems 13, Q01008. doi: 10.1029/2011GC003845.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Limmer, DR, Köhler, CM, Hillier, S, Moreton, SG, Tabrez, AR and Clift, PD (2012 b) Chemical weathering and provenance evolution of Holocene–recent sediments from the Western Indus Shelf, Northern Arabian Sea inferred from physical and mineralogical properties. Marine Geology 326, 101–15.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lisiecki, LE and Raymo, ME (2005) A Pliocene‐Pleistocene stack of 57 globally distributed benthic δ18O records. Paleoceanography 20, PA1003. doi: 10.1029/2004PA001071.Google Scholar
Mazumder, R (2017) Sediment Provenance: Influences on Compositional Change from Source to Sink. Amsterdam: Elsevier, 600 pp.Google Scholar
McHargue, TR and Webb, JE (1986) Internal geometry, seismic facies, and petroleum potential of canyons and inner fan channels of the Indus submarine fan. American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin 70, 161–80.Google Scholar
McLennan, S and Taylor, S (1991) Sedimentary rocks and crustal evolution: tectonic setting and secular trends. The Journal of Geology 99, 121.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Meyer, I, Davies, GR and Stuut, JBW (2011) Grain size control on Sr‐Nd isotope provenance studies and impact on paleoclimate reconstructions: an example from deep‐sea sediments offshore NW Africa. Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems 12, Q03005. doi: 10.1029/2010GC003355.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Milliman, J, Quraishee, G and Beg, M (1984) Sediment discharge from the Indus River to the ocean: past, present and future. In Marine Geology and Oceanography of Arabian Sea and Coastal Pakistan (eds Haq, BU and Milliman, JD), pp. 6570. New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold.Google Scholar
Milliman, JD and Syvitski, JP (1992) Geomorphic/tectonic control of sediment discharge to the ocean: the importance of small mountainous rivers. The Journal of Geology 100, 525–44.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mishra, R, Pandey, DK, Ramesh, PandShipboard Scientific Party SK-306 (2015) Active channel system in the middle Indus fan: results from high-resolution bathymetry surveys. Current Science 108, 409–12.Google Scholar
Mooley, DA and Parthasarathy, B (1984) Fluctuations in all-India summer monsoon rainfall during 1871–1978. Climatic Change 6, 287301.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mouchot, N, Loncke, L, Mahieux, G, Bourget, J, Lallemant, S, Ellouz-Zimmermann, N and Leturmy, P (2010) Recent sedimentary processes along the Makran trench (Makran active margin, off Pakistan). Marine Geology 271, 1731.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Naik, DK, Saraswat, R, Lea, DW, Kurtarkar, SR and Mackensen, A (2017) Last glacial-interglacial productivity and associate changes in the eastern Arabian Sea. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 483, 147–56.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nair, R, Ittekkot, V, Manganini, S, Ramaswamy, V, Haake, B, Degens, E, Desai, BT and Honjo, S (1989) Increased particle flux to the deep ocean related to monsoons. Nature 338, 749–51.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Najman, Y, Appel, E, Boudagher-Fadel, M, Bown, P, Carter, A, Garzanti, E, Godin, L, Han, J, Liebke, U, Oliver, G, Parrish, R and Vezzoli, G (2010) Timing of India‐Asia collision: geological, biostratigraphic, and palaeomagnetic constraints. Journal of Geophysical Research (Solid Earth) 115, B12416. doi: 10.1029/2010JB007673.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pandey, DK, Clift, PD, Kulhanek, DKandthe Expedition 355 Scientists (2016) Site U1456. The Proceedings of the International Ocean Discovery Program 355, 161.Google Scholar
Pattan, JN, Masuzawa, T, Naidu, PD, Parthiban, G and Yamamoto, M (2003) Productivity fluctuations in the southeastern Arabian Sea during the last 140 ka. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 193, 575–90.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Peucat, J, Vidal, P, Bernard-Griffiths, J and Condie, K (1989) Sr, Nd, and Pb isotopic systematics in the Archean low-to high-grade transition zone of southern India: syn-accretion vs. post-accretion granulites. The Journal of Geology 97, 537–49.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pin, C and Zalduegui, JS (1997) Sequential separation of light rare-earth elements, thorium and uranium by miniaturized extraction chromatography: application to isotopic analyses of silicate rocks. Analytica Chimica Acta 339, 7989.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Prins, MA and Postma, G (2000) Effects of climate, sea level, and tectonics unraveled for last deglaciation turbidite records of the Arabian Sea. Geology 28, 375–8.2.0.CO;2>CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Prins, MA, Postma, G, Cleveringa, J, Cramp, A and Kenyon, N (2000) Controls on terrigenous sediment supply to the Arabian Sea during the late Quaternary: the Indus Fan. Marine Geology 169, 327–49.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ramaswamy, V and Nair, R (1989) Lack of cross-shelf transport of sediments on the western margin of India: evidence from clay mineralogy. Journal of Coastal Research 5, 541–6.Google Scholar
Ramaswamy, V, Nair, R, Manganini, S, Haake, B and Ittekkot, V (1991) Lithogenic fluxes to the deep Arabian Sea measured by sediment traps. Deep-Sea Research 38, 169–84.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rao, VP and Rao, BR (1995) Provenance and distribution of clay minerals in the sediments of the western continental shelf and slope of India. Continental Shelf Research 15, 1757–71.Google Scholar
Roddaz, M, Said, A, Guillot, S, Antoine, P-O, Montel, J-M, Martin, F and Darrozes, J (2011) Provenance of Cenozoic sedimentary rocks from the Sulaiman fold and thrust belt, Pakistan: implications for the palaeogeography of the Indus drainage system. Journal of the Geological Society 168, 499516.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rodriguez, M, Fournier, M, Chamot‐Rooke, N, Huchon, P, Bourget, J, Sorbier, M, Zaragosi, S and Rabaute, A (2011) Neotectonics of the Owen Fracture Zone (NW Indian Ocean): structural evolution of an oceanic strike‐slip plate boundary. Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems 12, Q12006. doi: 10.1029/2011GC003731.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rodriguez, M, Fournier, M, Chamot‐Rooke, N, Huchon, P, Zaragosi, S and Rabaute, A (2012) Mass wasting processes along the Owen Ridge (Northwestern Indian Ocean). Marine Geology 326/328, 80100.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rowley, DB (1996) Age of initiation of collision between India and Asia: a review of stratigraphic data. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 145, 113.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rutberg, RL, Goldstein, SL, Hemming, SR and Anderson, RF (2005) Sr isotope evidence for sources of terrigenous sediment in the southeast Atlantic Ocean: is there increased available Fe for enhanced glacial productivity? Paleoceanography 20, PA1018. doi: 10.1029/2003PA000999.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Shanas, PR and Kumar, V (2014) Coastal processes and longshore sediment transport along Kundapura coast, central west coast of India. Geomorphology 214, 436–51.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Shankar, R, Subbarao, K and Kolla, V (1987) Geochemistry of surface sediments from the Arabian Sea. Marine Geology 76, 253–79.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Singh, SK, Rai, SK and Krishnaswami, S (2008) Sr and Nd isotopes in river sediments from the Ganga Basin: sediment provenance and spatial variability in physical erosion. Journal of Geophysical Research: Earth Surface 113, F03006. doi: 10.1029/2007JF000909.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sirocko, F and Sarnthein, M (1989) Wind-borne deposits in the northwestern Indian Ocean: record of Holocene sediments versus modern satellite data. In Paleoclimatology and Paleometeorology: Modern and Past Patterns of Global Atmospheric Transport (eds Leinen, M and Sarnthein, M), pp. 401–33. NATO ASI Series (Series C: Mathematical and Physical Sciences), vol. 282.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sridhar, A (2008) Evidence of a late-medieval mega flood event in the upper reaches of the Mahi River basin, Gujarat. Current Science 96, 1517–20.Google Scholar
Tanaka, T, Togashi, S, Kamioka, H, Amakawa, H, Kagami, H, Hamamoto, T, Yuhara, M, Orihashi, Y, Yoneda, S and Shimizu, H (2000) JNdi-1: a neodymium isotopic reference in consistency with LaJolla neodymium. Chemical Geology 168, 279–81.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Thamban, M, Rao, VP and Schneider, R (2002) Reconstruction of late Quaternary monsoon oscillations based on clay mineral proxies using sediment cores from the western margin of India. Marine Geology 186, 527–39.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Thamban, M, Rao, VP, Schneider, RR and Grootes, PM (2001) Glacial to Holocene fluctuations in hydrography and productivity along the southwestern continental margin of India. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 165, 113–27.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tripathy, GR, Singh, SK, Bhushan, R and Ramaswamy, V (2011) Sr–Nd isotope composition of the Bay of Bengal sediments: impact of climate on erosion in the Himalaya. Geochemical Journal 45, 175–86.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Valdiya, KS (1999) Rising Himalaya: advent and intensification of monsoon. Current Science 76, 514–24.Google Scholar
von Rad, U and Tahir, M (1997) Late Quaternary sedimentation on the outer Indus shelf and slope (Pakistan): evidence from high-resolution seismic data and coring. Marine Geology 138, 193236.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
West, AJ, Galy, A and Bickle, M (2005) Tectonic and climatic controls on silicate weathering. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 235, 211–28.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Supplementary material: Image

Khim et al. supplementary material

Figure S1

Download Khim et al. supplementary material(Image)
Image 454.4 KB
Supplementary material: Image

Khim et al. supplementary material

Figure S2

Download Khim et al. supplementary material(Image)
Image 53.9 KB
Supplementary material: File

Khim et al. supplementary material

Khim et al. supplementary material 1

Download Khim et al. supplementary material(File)
File 21.8 KB