Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-fscjk Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-23T20:27:12.421Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Influence of differential structural deformation on shale reservoirs: a case study of the lower Silurian Longmaxi Shale in north Guizhou, Southern China

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 August 2020

Yang Gu Open the ORCID record for Yang Gu [Opens in a new window] ,
Jianhua He ,
Sheng Xu ,
Qianning Tian ,
Wei Zhang  and
Shuai Yin
Yang Gu*
Affiliation:
Geoscience Documentation Center, CGS, Beijing100083, China National Geological Library of China, Beijing100083, China
Jianhua He*
Affiliation:
State Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Reservoir Geology and Exploitation, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu610059, China
Sheng Xu
Affiliation:
Geoscience Documentation Center, CGS, Beijing100083, China National Geological Library of China, Beijing100083, China
Qianning Tian
Affiliation:
Geoscience Documentation Center, CGS, Beijing100083, China National Geological Library of China, Beijing100083, China
Wei Zhang
Affiliation:
Geoscience Documentation Center, CGS, Beijing100083, China National Geological Library of China, Beijing100083, China
Shuai Yin
Affiliation:
School of Earth Science and Engineering, Xi’an Shiyou University, Xi’an710065, China
*
Author for correspondence: Yang Gu, Email: 450742659@qq.com; Jianhua He, Email: hejianhuadizhi@163.com
Author for correspondence: Yang Gu, Email: 450742659@qq.com; Jianhua He, Email: hejianhuadizhi@163.com
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Southern China is affected by multi-stage tectonic activities, with strong fold deformation, complex fault systems and poor shale gas preservation conditions. Here, we used shale samples from the lower Silurian Longmaxi shale in the complex tectonic area of Southern China, to study the relationship between differential structural deformation, and pore structure and adsorption capacity. According to the deformation mechanism of the shale, it is further divided into brittle-slip rheological deformation (BD) and ductile-slip rheological deformation (DD). The results show that all micro-fractures can be observed under scanning electron microscopy in deformed shale samples, but in shale samples with different types of rheological deformation, the micro-fractures have large differences in scale, fracture length and lateral connectivity. The micro-fractures developed in DD shales are small in scale and short in fracture length, but have strong local connectivity. In contrast, brittle minerals are more developed in BD shales, and interlayer shearing has formed micro-fractures with large fracture length and good lateral connectivity, which is beneficial for later fracturing. In these two types of deformed shales, pores in organic matter are rare, and sporadic organic pores have small pore size and poor connectivity. The total pore volume (1.8–2.4 × 10−2 cm3 g–1) of BD shale samples is higher than that of DD shale samples (0.8–1.6 × 10−2 cm3 g–1). There is a positive correlation between total pore volume and quartz content. In addition, the specific surface area (12–18 m2 g–1) of DD shale samples is larger than that of BD shale samples (6–12 m2 g–1).

Keywords

differential structural deformationshale reservoiradsorption capacitySouthern China
Type
Original Article
Information
Geological Magazine , Volume 158 , Issue 4 , April 2021 , pp. 673 - 684
Copyright
© The Author(s), 2020. Published by Cambridge University Press

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Bhowmik, S and Dutta, P (2019) A study on the effect of gas shale composition and pore structure on methane sorption. Journal of Natural Gas Science and Engineering 62, 144–56.Google Scholar
Chalmers, GR, Bustin, RM and Power, IM (2012) Characterization of gas shale pore systems by porosimetry, pycnometry, surface area, and field emission scanning electron microscopy/transmission electron microscopy image analyses: examples from the Barnett, Woodford, Haynesville, Marcellus, and Doig units. AAPG Bulletin 96, 1099–119.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chen, L, Jiang, ZX, Liu, KY, Gao, FL and Wang, PF (2017) A combination of N2 and CO2 adsorption to characterize nanopore structure of organic-rich Lower Silurian Shale in the Upper Yangtze Platform, South China: implications for shale gas sorption capacity. Acta Geologica Sinica-English Edition 91, 1380–94.Google Scholar
Ding, WL, Li, C, Li, CY, Xu, CC, Jiu, K, Zeng, WT and Wu, LM (2012) Fracture development in shale and its relationship to gas accumulation. Geoscience Frontiers 3, 97–105.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Han, SB, Zhang, JC, Li, Y, Horsfield, B, Tang, X, Jiang, WL and Chen, Q (2013) Evaluation of Lower Cambrian shale in northern Guizhou province, South China: implications for shale gas potential. Energy & Fuels 27, 2933–41.10.1021/ef400141mCrossRefGoogle Scholar
He, JL, Wang, J, Yu, Q, Liu, W, Ge, XY, Yang, P, Wang, ZJ and Lu, JZ (2018) Pore structure of shale and its effects on gas storage and transmission capacity in well HD-1 eastern Sichuan Basin, China. Fuel 226, 709–20.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ju, YW, Sun, Y, Tan, JQ, Bu, HL, Han, K, Li, XS and Fang, LZ (2018) The composition, pore structure characterization and deformation mechanism of coal-bearing shales from tectonically altered coalfields in eastern China. Fuel 234, 626–42.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Li, Z, Jiang, Z, Liang, Z, Yu, H and Yang, Y (2019) Pore-structure characterisation of tectonically deformed shales: a case study of Wufeng-Longmaxi Formation in western Hunan Province, southern China. Australian Journal of Earth Sciences 66, 1075–84.10.1080/08120099.2019.1588168CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Liang, M, Wang, Z, Gao, L, Li, C and Li, H (2017) Evolution of pore structure in gas shale related to structural deformation. Fuel 197, 310–19.10.1016/j.fuel.2017.02.035CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Loucks, RG, Reed, RM, Ruppel, SC and Hammes, U (2012) Spectrum of pore types and networks in mudrocks and a descriptive classification for matrix-related mudrock pores. AAPG Bulletin 96, 1071–98.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Luo, Q, Zhong, N, Dai, N and Zhang, W (2016) Graptolite-derived organic matter in the Wufeng–Longmaxi Formations (Upper Ordovician–Lower Silurian) of southeastern Chongqing, China: implications for gas shale evaluation. International Journal of Coal Geology 153, 87–98.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ma, XH and Xie, J (2018) The progress and prospects of shale gas exploration and development in southern Sichuan Basin, SW China. Petroleum Exploration and Development 45, 172–82.Google Scholar
Ma, Y, Ardakani, OH, Zhong, NN, Liu, HL, Huang, HP, Larter, S and Zhang, C (2019) Possible pore structure deformation effects on the shale gas enrichment: an example from the Lower Cambrian shales of the Eastern Upper Yangtze Platform, South China. International Journal of Coal Geology 217, 103349.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ross, DJK and Bustin, RM (2009) The importance of shale composition and pore structure upon gas storage potential of shale gas reservoirs. Marine and Petroleum Geology 26, 916–27.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sing, KSW (1985) Reporting physisorption data for gas/solid systems with special reference to the determination of surface area and porosity (Recommendations 1984). Pure and Applied Chemistry 57, 603–19.Google Scholar
Slatt, RM and O’Brien, NR (2011) Pore types in the Barnett and Woodford gas: contribution to understanding gas storage and migration pathways in fine-grained rocks. AAPG Bulletin 95, 2017–30.Google Scholar
Stephenson, MH (2016) Shale gas in North America and Europe. Energy Science & Engineering 4, 4–13.10.1002/ese3.96CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sun, MD, Yu, BS, Hu, QH, Zhang, YF, Li, B, Yang, R, Melnichenko, YB and Cheng, G (2017) Pore characteristics of Longmaxi shale gas reservoir in the Northwest of Guizhou, China: investigations using small-angle neutron scattering (SANS), helium pycnometry, and gas sorption isotherm. International Journal of Coal Geology 171, 61–8.10.1016/j.coal.2016.12.004CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tang, XL, Jiang, S, Jiang, ZX, Li, Z, He, ZL, Long, SX and Zhu, DY (2019) Heterogeneity of Paleozoic Wufeng-Longmaxi formation shale and its effects on the shale gas accumulation in the Upper Yangtze Region, China. Fuel 239, 387–402.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tang, XL, Jiang, ZX, Jiang, S, Cheng, LJ and Zhang, Y (2017) Characteristics and origin of in-situ gas desorption of the Cambrian Shuijingtuo Formation shale gas reservoir in the Sichuan Basin, China. Fuel 187, 285–95.10.1016/j.fuel.2016.09.072CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Thommes, M, Kaneko, K, Neimark, AV, Olivier, JP, Rodriguez-Reinoso, F, Rouquerol, J and Sing, KSW (2015) Physisorption of gases, with special reference to the evaluation of surface area and pore size distribution (IUPAC Technical Report). Pure and Applied Chemistry 87, 1051–69.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wan, Y, Tang, SH and Pan, ZJ (2017) Evaluation of the shale gas potential of the lower Silurian Longmaxi Formation in northwest Hunan Province, China. Marine and Petroleum Geology 79, 159–75.Google Scholar
Wang, B, Lin, XS, Bao, YJ, Han, H and Wang, HP (1996) SY/T 6210-1996, Quantitative analysis of total contents of clay minerals and common non-clay minerals in sedimentary rocks by X-ray diffraction. People’s Republic of China Oil and Gas Industry Standards, China Petroleum Industry Press, Beijing.Google Scholar
Wang, HT, Meng, JH, Zhu, YN, Fang, W, Xu, DQ, Zhang, JY, Lv, Y and Zhang, LQ (2005) SY/T 5118-2005, Determination of Bitumen from Rocks by Chloroform Extraction. People’s Republic of China Oil and Gas Industry Standards, China Petroleum Industry Press, Beijing.Google Scholar
Wang, HY, Liu, YZ, Dong, DZ, Zhao, Q and Du, D (2013) Scientific issues on effective development of marine shale gas in southern China. Petroleum Exploration and Development 40, 615–20.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wang, QT, Lu, H, Wang, TL, Liu, DY, Peng, PA, Zhan, X and Li, XQ (2018) Pore characterization of Lower Silurian shale gas reservoirs in the Middle Yangtze region, central China. Marine and Petroleum Geology 89, 14–26.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wang, Y, Zhu, Y, Liu, S and Zhang, R (2016) Pore characterization and its impact on methane adsorption capacity for organic-rich marine shales. Fuel 181, 227–37.10.1016/j.fuel.2016.04.082CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wei, Y, Li, ZQ, Wang, JQ and Zhang, XM (2004) GB/T 19587-2004, Determination of the specific surface area of solids by gas adsorption using the BET method. People’s Republic of China Oil and Gas Industry Standards, China Petroleum Industry Press, Beijing.Google Scholar
Wu, ZR, He, S, He, XP, Zhai, GY, Xia, XH, Yang, R, Dong, T and Peng, NJ (2019) Pore structure characteristics and comparisons of upper Permian Longtan and Dalong formation transitional Facies Shale in Xiangzhong-Lianyuan depression (in Chinese with English Abstract). Earth Science 44, 3757–72.Google Scholar
Xu, GJ, Gao, Y, Dong, SH and Wang, DL (2003) GB/T 19145-2003, Determination of total organic carbon in sedimentary rock. People’s Republic of China Oil and Gas Industry Standards, China Petroleum Industry Press, Beijing.Google Scholar
Xu, JQ, Kong, QF, Fei, XD, Wang, LH, Weng, X, Wang, J and Ma, YD (2014) SY/T 5125-2014, Method of identification microscopically the macerals of kerogen and indivision the kerogen type by transmitted-light and fluorescence. People’s Republic of China Oil and Gas Industry Standards, China Petroleum Industry Press, Beijing.Google Scholar
Yang, F, Ning, ZF, Zhang, R, Zhao, HW and Krooss, BM (2015) Investigations on the methane sorption capacity of marine shales from Sichuan Basin, China. International Journal of Coal Geology 146, 104–117.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Yang, R, He, S, Hu, QH, Sun, MD, Hu, DF and Yi, JZ (2017) Applying SANS technique to characterize nano-scale pore structure of Longmaxi shale, Sichuan Basin (China). Fuel 197, 91–9.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Yao, YB and Liu, DM (2018) Petrophysical properties and fluids transportation in gas shale: a NMR relaxation spectrum analysis method. Journal of China Coal Society 43, 181–9.Google Scholar
Yu, BS (2013) Classification and characterization of gas shale pore system. Earth Science Frontiers 20, 211–20.Google Scholar
Zhang, JZ, Li, XQ, Wei, Q, Gao, WJ, Liang, WL, Wang, Z and Wang, FY (2017) Quantitative characterization of pore-fracture system of organic-rich marine-continental shale reservoirs: a case study of the Upper Permian Longtan Formation, Southern Sichuan Basin, China. Fuel 200, 272–81.Google Scholar
Zhang, JZ, Li, XQ, Xie, ZY, Li, J, Zhang, XQ, Sun, KX and Wang, FY (2018a) Characterization of microscopic pore types and structures in marine shale: examples from the Upper Permian Dalong formation, Northern Sichuan Basin, South China. Journal of Natural Gas Science and Engineering 59, 326–42.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zhang, Q, Littke, R, Zieger, L, Shabani, M, Tang, X and Zhang, JC (2019) Ediacaran, Cambrian, Ordovician, Silurian and Permian shales of the Upper Yangtze Platform, South China: deposition, thermal maturity and shale gas potential. International Journal of Coal Geology 216, 103281.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zhang, Q, Liu, RH, Pang, ZL, Lin, W, Bai, WH and Wang, HY (2016) Characterization of microscopic pore structures in Lower Silurian black shale(S1l), southeastern Chongqing, China. Marine and Petroleum Geology 71, 250–9.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zhang, XB, Lu, DS, Deng, BQ, Ding, ZM, Liu, Y, Gao, WH and Xu, GZ (2008) GB/T 16594-2008, General rules for measurement of length in micron scale by SEM. People’s Republic of China Oil and Gas Industry Standards, China Petroleum Industry Press, Beijing.Google Scholar
Zhang, XW, Li, JJ, Lu, SF, Huang, KZ and Yin, JX (2018b) Effects of structural deformation on shale pore structure and adsorption (in Chinese with English Abstract). Special Oil & Gas Reservoirs 25, 32–6.Google Scholar
Zhu, HJ, Ju, YW, Qi, Y, Huang, C and Zhang, L (2018) Impact of tectonism on pore type and pore structure evolution in organic-rich shale: implications for gas storage and migration pathways in naturally deformed rocks. Fuel 228, 272–89.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zou, CN, Dong, DZ, Wang, SJ, Li, J, Li, X, Wang, YM, Li, DH and Cheng, KM (2010) Geological characteristics and resource potential of shale gas in China. Petroleum Exploration and Development 37, 641–53.CrossRefGoogle Scholar