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Origin and tectonic significance of the metavolcanic rocks and mafic enclaves from the Palaeoproterozoic Birimian Terrane, SE West African Craton, Ghana

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  12 March 2020

Patrick Asamoah Sakyi Open the ORCID record for Patrick Asamoah Sakyi [Opens in a new window] ,
Ben-Xun Su ,
Johnson Manu ,
Daniel Kwayisi ,
Chris Y. Anani ,
Melesse Alemayehu ,
Sanjeewa P.K. Malaviarachchi ,
Prosper M. Nude  and
Ben-Can Su
Patrick Asamoah Sakyi*
Affiliation:
Department of Earth Science, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, University of Ghana, PO Box LG 58, Legon-Accra, Ghana Key Laboratory of Mineral Resources, Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, PO Box 9825, Beijing100029, China
Ben-Xun Su
Affiliation:
Key Laboratory of Mineral Resources, Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, PO Box 9825, Beijing100029, China
Johnson Manu
Affiliation:
Department of Earth Science, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, University of Ghana, PO Box LG 58, Legon-Accra, Ghana
Daniel Kwayisi
Affiliation:
Department of Earth Science, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, University of Ghana, PO Box LG 58, Legon-Accra, Ghana Department of Geology, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, South Africa
Chris Y. Anani
Affiliation:
Department of Earth Science, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, University of Ghana, PO Box LG 58, Legon-Accra, Ghana
Melesse Alemayehu
Affiliation:
School of Applied Natural Science, Department of Applied Geology, Adama Science and Technology University, PO Box 1888, Adama, Ethiopia State Key Laboratory of Isotope Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou510640, China
Sanjeewa P.K. Malaviarachchi
Affiliation:
Department of Geology, Faculty of Science, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya20400, Sri Lanka
Prosper M. Nude
Affiliation:
Department of Earth Science, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, University of Ghana, PO Box LG 58, Legon-Accra, Ghana
Ben-Can Su
Affiliation:
PetroChina Co Ltd of Changqing Oilfield Company Eighth Oil Production Plant, Xi’an710000, China
*
Author for correspondence: Patrick Asamoah Sakyi, Email: pasakyi@ug.edu.gh
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Abstract

The Palaeoproterozoic Birimian Supergroup of the West African Craton (WAC) consists of volcanic belts composed predominantly of basaltic and andesitic rocks and intervening sedimentary basins composed predominantly of wackes and argillites. Mafic metavolcanic rocks and granitoid-hosted enclaves from the Palaeoproterozoic Lawra Belt of Ghana were analysed for geochemical and Sr–Nd isotopic data to constrain the geological evolution of the southeastern part of the WAC. The metavolcanic rocks display mainly tholeiitic signatures, whereas the enclaves show calc-alkaline signatures. The high SiO2 contents (48.6–68.9 wt%) of the enclaves are suggestive of their evolved character. The high Th/Yb values of the samples relative to that of the mantle array may indicate derivation of their respective magmas from subduction-modified source(s). The rocks show positive εNd values of +0.79 to +2.86 (metavolcanic rocks) and +0.79 to +1.82 (enclaves). These signatures and their Nd model ages (TDM2) of 2.31–2.47 Ga (metavolcanic rocks) and 2.39–2.47 Ga (enclaves) suggest they were probably derived from juvenile mantle-derived protoliths, with possible input of subducted pre-Birimian (Archean?) rocks in their source(s). Their positive Ba–Th and negative Nb–Ta, Zr–Hf and Ti anomalies may indicate their formation through subduction-related magmatism consistent with an arc setting. We propose that the metavolcanic rocks and enclaves from the Lawra Belt formed in a similar island-arc setting. We infer that the granitoids developed through variable degrees of mixing/mingling between basic magma and granitic melt during subduction, when blobs of basic to intermediate parental magma became trapped in the granitic magma to form the enclaves.

Keywords

West African CratonBirimian TerraneLawra BeltSr–Nd isotopessubductionarc setting
Type
Original Article
Information
Geological Magazine , Volume 157 , Issue 8 , August 2020 , pp. 1349 - 1366
Copyright
© Cambridge University Press 2020

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