Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-fscjk Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-24T16:23:33.016Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

II.—Pleistocene Climatic Changes1

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  01 May 2009

Warren Upham
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Extract

The most interesting and difficult climatic problem presented in all the geologic record is that of its latest period, immediately preceding the present, to discover the causes, first, of the accumulation, and later, of the rapid final melting of its vast sheets of land-ice. The fossil floras of Greenland and Spitzbergen indicate that those far northern latitudes enjoyed a temperate climate in the Miocene period; and, from the absence of glacial drift through the great series of Tertiary and Mesozoic formations, we infer that climates as mild as those of the present day had prevailed during long eras before the Ice-age.

Type
Original Articles
Information
Geological Magazine , Volume 1 , Issue 8 , August 1894 , pp. 340 - 349
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 1894

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

Footnotes

1

Presented at the World's Congress on Geology, auxiliary with the Columbian Exposition in Chicago, August 26th, 1893.

References

page 341 note 1 Proceedings of the Boston Society of Natural History, Vol. xxiv. pp. 455–459, 01 1st, 1890.Google Scholar

page 342 note 1 United States Geol. Survey, Third Ann. Kep. for 1881–82, pp. 291–402, with 10 plates.

page 343 note 1 Geology of Minnesota, Fifth Annual Report, for 1876; and Final Report, Vol. ii. 1888, pp. 313–341Google Scholar. Quart. Journ. Geol. Soc. vol. xxxiv. 1878, pp. 886–901.Google Scholar

page 343 note 2 Trans. Chicago Academy of Sciences, vol. iiGoogle Scholar. Southall's, James C. Epoch of the Mammoth and the Apparition of Man upon the Earth, 1878, chapters xxii. and xxiii.Google Scholar

page 343 note 3 Amer. Journ. Science, iii. vol. xxi. pp. 120–123, 02, 1881; The Ice-Age in North America, 1889, chapter xx.Google Scholar

page 343 note 4 Proc. Amer. Assoc, for Advancement of Science, vol. xxxv. for 1886, p. 222. “The History of the Niagara River”, Sixth Ann. Rep. of Commissioners of the State Reservation at Niagara, for 1889, pp. 61–84.Google Scholar

page 343 note 5 Amer. Journ. Science, iii. vol. xxxiv. pp. 404–5, 11, 1887.Google Scholar

page 343 note 6 United States Geol. Survey, Second Annual Report, for 1880–81, p. 188; Bonneville, Monograph I. Lake, 1890, chapter vi.Google Scholar

page 343 note 7 United States Geol. Survey, Monograph XI. Geological History of Lake Lahontan, 1885, p. 273.

page 344 note 1 Geol. and Nat. Hist. Survey of Canada, Annual Report, new series, vol. iv. for 1888–1889, pp. 50, 51 E.Google Scholar

page 345 note 1 Dana, James D., Presidential Address, Proc. Amer. Assoc, for Adv. of Science, Vol. ix. for 1855, pp. 23–29Google Scholar; Trans. Conn. Acad, of Arts and Sciences, vol. ii. 1870; many papers in the Amer. Journ. of Science; and the several editions of his Manual of Geology.Google Scholar

page 345 note 2 Le Conte, Joseph, Bulletin Geol. Soc. of America, vol. ii. 1891, pp. 323–330; Elements of Geology, third edition, 1891, p. 589.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

page 345 note 3 Wright, G. Frederick, The Ice-Age in North America, 1889Google Scholar, chapter xix.; Man and the Glacial Period, 1892, chapter ix.; Amer. Journ. of Science, third series, vol. xlvii. pp. 184–187, 03, 1894.Google Scholar

page 345 note 4 Upham, Warren, Appendix of the Ice-Age in North America, pp. 573–595Google Scholar; Amer. Journ. of Science, iii. vol. xlvi. pp. 114–121Google Scholar, August, 1893; Bulletin Geol. Soc. of America, vol. v. 1894, pp. 87–100Google Scholar; Geol. Mag. Dec. III. Vol. VII. pp. 492–497, 11, 1890.Google Scholar

page 345 note 5 Quart. Journ. Geol. Soc. vol. xviii. 1862, p. 180Google Scholar; vol. xxi. 1865, p. 178; GEOL. MAG. Dec. II. Vol. IX. pp. 400–407Google Scholar and pp. 457–466, Sept. and Oct. 1882; Dec. III. Vol. IV. pp. 344–348, August, 1887; and Dec. III. Vol. VIII. pp. 387–392, September, 1891.

page 346 note 1 The terms epeirogeny and epeirogenic (“continent-producing”, from the Greek epeiros, a mainland or continent) are proposed by MrGilbert, G. K. in his U.S. Geol. Surrey Monograph, Lake Bonneville (1890), to designate the broad movements of uplift and subsidence which affect the whole or large portions of continental areas or of the oceanic basins.Google Scholar

page 346 note 2 Scottish Geographical Magazine, vol. iii. 1887, pp. 217–238.Google Scholar

page 347 note 1 Quart. Journ. Geol. Soc. vol. xxxiv. 1878, pp. 505–541.Google Scholar