The Gasteropoda, next to the Lamellibranchiate Mollusca, are the most varied class of organisms found in the Lias. The general elegance of their forms, and the frequent beauty of their ornamentation, make these fossils extremely attractive objects; whilst their limited vertical range gives them a by no means inconsiderable stratigraphical importance. Notwithstanding these inducements to their study, the Gasteropoda of the Lias have not received, in this country, anything like the amount of attention which has been given to the other leading classes of organisms derived from that formation. On the Continent, on the other hand, considerable progress had been made in the investigation of this interesting group of fossil mollusca more than thirty years ago.

The numerous demands made upon our underground water-supply, both for sewage and sanitary as well as brewing purposes, render the subject of my paper a matter of deep and serious importance.

I shall set forth in the first place the rise and course of the livers, and in the next place the wells, especially the deep ones in the Chalk area; and I propose to show the connection between the height of the springs and the rainfall of the district.

The cause, or causes, which result in the foliation of igneous rocks is a subject which at present occupies the attention of many geologists, and seems likely, in the near future, to lead to some discussion. In view of this, a short account of the foliated granite of the Himalayas may be of interest. It may be as well, however, to preface my remarks by saying that I believe that foliation may be produced in several distinct ways, and the explanation which I offer of the mode in which the foliation of the Himalayan granite has been brought about is only intended to apply to the case of that granite.

In the following pages I propose to give a brief summary only of some of the more important results worked out in detail in a series of papers published in the Eecords of the Geological Survey of India; and to add thereto a brief consideration of the question whether the foliation of the gneissose-granite of the Himalayas

Botallaek Mine.—The dark hornblendic slates of the sea-border of the parish of St. Just are known to many geological tourists. They have been well described by the late Mr. J. A. Phillips,1 who regards them as consisting of altered killas ; and the justice of this conclusion will not I think be questioned by any who have studied the rocks in situ; traces of an original lamellar structure are visible even in hand-specimens. Phillips (op. cit. p. 322) gives the following analyses of the rock, a being from near the surface, and b from a depth of 130 fathoms, or far below the sea-level; while c is the analysis of a typical Cornish killas (from Polgooth Mine, 100 fathoms from surface):—