Agmatite was one of the new descriptive terms introduced by the late Professor J. J. Sederholm in connection with his life-long study of the Finnish migmatites. He applied this name to a group of migmatites which present an appearance that has suggested the terms “eruptive breccia” and”intrusion breccia”, but agmatite has a very different genesis from that connoted by these terms. Sederholm (1923, p. 117) wrote: “As these migmatites consisting of fragments of older rocks cemented by granite are genetically and petrologically very different from many of the rocks that have been called eruptive breccias many of which are volcanic rocks, the author proposes to designate this group of migmatites as agmatites (from ἂγμα, fragment).” The elaborate drawings and illustrations to be found in Sederholm's Memoirs (1923, 1926), however, give a much clearer idea of the appearance presented by these rocks than any written description.

(1) The range of variation in the external characters of the rhynchonellids examined is illustrated by means of graphs and scatter-diagrams.

(2) The three-variable scatter compares directly the proportions of thickness, breadth, and length, and defines the assemblage as adequately as several scatters which relate only pairs of variables. A close relationship is shown to exist between the three-variable scatter in which the positions of specimens are mathematically determined and the scatter in which the specimens are placed according to general appearance.

(3) The three-variable scatter, when considered with size-groups, indicates that with growth, breadth and thickness increase more rapidly than does length. All the scatters indicate that proportionate thickness Varies to a greater degree than does proportionate breadth or proportionate length.

(4) The sample, being random, is probably nearly representative of the goniorhynch rhynchonellid fauna of the Boueti Bed at Langton Herring. The stratigraphical value of the work, however, can only be proved by examination of assemblages from other localities and horizons.

(5) Since the scatters show that all gradations occur between the extreme variants, the forms behave as though belonging to a single homogenetic community. It is recognized that internal characters may in due course be found to show discontinuity in their variation, but on present evidence it appears that only one species is present.

While conducting elementary field-classes in the Ingleton area it is not possible to show students any convincing grounds for separating the Ingletonian Series from the Coniston Limestone above. The field-evidence which so strongly impressed Hughes, Goodchild, Gunn, and Green, and which apparently convinced Aveline against his will, still exists. In all three streams the highest beds of the Ingletonian are slates, which might be thought to show a gradation into the Coniston Limestone above, and the dip and strike of the Coniston Limestone appear closely similar to that of the near-by Ingletonian. Against these tangible facts arguments based on petrological similarities, even the evidence of the Neptunian dyke, are apt to seem slightly strained. Accordingly, during a field-excursion I suggested that an attempt be made to excavate the actual junction, and during the summer three students of Imperial College, Messrs. R. W. D. Elwell, G. J. H. McCall, and A. F. Trendall, have succeeded in laying it bare. To their enthusiasm and hard work the success of the attempt is wholly due. Owing to the kindness of Mr. W. S. Worthington, of Ingleton, the new exposure will be left open indefinitely.

The occurrence of what is probably clear secondary zircon on detrital grains of this mineral seems first to have been noticed by Butterfield (1936), in heavy residues from the Millstone Grit of Yorkshire. He showed that the outgrowths were too sharp and delicate to have withstood transport, and were, therefore, formed after the deposition of the rock. He also gave some account of their frequency and mode of occurrence in relation to the crystals to which they were attached. Smithson (1937) found similar outgrowths on zircons from the Middle Jurassic of Yorkshire, remarking that until we know of other occurrences it may be unwise to generalize, but that Butterfield's Millstone Grit zircons and his own Jurassic examples occurred in deposits which were either deltaic in origin, or closely associated with deltaic conditions.

The problem of the boundary between the Pliocene and the Pleistocene is still very far from satisfactorily settled both from a geological and from a faunal viewpoint. It becomes increasingly apparent that the two aspects of the problem require different definitions and in consequence there has been very great confusion in the application of the terms “Pleistocene” and “Quaternary” both in geological and in palaeontological literature. The original definitions of these terms, too, seem very largely to have been forgotten and they have been used by a variety of writers for various purposes.

During a recent visit to Fife I was so fortunate as to find in the Seafield Tower Limestone, on the shore at Seafield near Kirkcaldy, two rare crinoids, one of which belongs to a new species of Scytalocrinus and is described herein. The other is a specimen of Ureocrinus bockschii (Geinitz) which has part of the column and three arms attached to the cup. Although cups of this species are common at various horizons in the Scottish Carboniferous limestones, this is the first example hi this state of preservation to be recorded from rocks north of the Forth, other specimens previously noted all occurring on the Scottish border near Penton Linns in Roxburghshire (Wright, 1939–1940, Wright and Strimple, 1945).