One purpose of this paper is to place on record a new crinoid genus from Coplow Knoll, Clitheroe. The name Edapocrinus is proposed for its reception. Another is to note the discovery of two nearly complete crinoids at the same locality. This type of preservation is very rare at Coplow since the great majority of specimens found there consist of calices only and, except Actinocrinus and allied genera which have the lower brachials incorporated in the cup, it is only on a rare occasion that one finds a cup with any portion of the arms in position. In a paper to this Magazine, (1928, p. 246), I noted the discovery of the rare Flexible species, Euryocrinus rofei Bather and Gregory, which had part of the arms preserved, and remarked then on the scarcity of complete specimens of any species. Besides Coplow, this seems to apply to all the knolls in the Clitheroe region. Phillips, in his Geology of Yorkshire (1836), describes a considerable number of species from “Bolland”, most of which appear to have been collected by Gilbertson of Preston, and possibly some of the specimens were found at Coplow. All are cups only, with the exception of Poteriocrinus, now Taxocrinus nobilis, which is a complete crown. On different occasions during the last eight years, when I have made an annual visit to Coplow, I have found odd portions of arms, greatly displaced and not attached to any cup, usually in such a jumbled state that they were indeterminable.

Very little has been written about the Coelacanths from Madagascar, although those from similar formations in East Greenland and Spitsbergen are about the best known members of this group. Smith Woodward (1910) described and figured a single specimen as Coelacanthus madagascariensis, distinguished from other members of the genus by the ornament of closely set tubercles on the operculum. Further specimens were figured by Priem (1924) and attributed to C. madagascariensis, but no attempt at any detailed description was made. Dr. E. I. White, of the British Museum (Natural History), very kindly placed at my disposal a collection of these fish, which he had obtained himself. The material examined during this investigation consisted of these specimens, twenty-eight in number, and the original specimen described by Smith Woodward. The specimens were nearly all external moulds (although in some a certain amount of bone still remained) in ferruginous clay nodules. Very little preparation was necessary except washing. This treatment produced wonderful results in some cases and almost perfect impressions of the head were obtained. So perfect were these casts in many cases that the pores of the lateral line canal were left as small hummocks making parts of this system easy to identify.

It has been suggested that the grain-size of coarse basic plutonic rocks may be reduced in one or all of three ways:— (1) If the temperature of the invading magma be sufficient, the reduction may be effected by the formation of a granoblastic structure. It is pointed out that recrystallized inclusions are found more often in basic plutonic masses, where the earlier crystalloblastic structures are not obliterated by superimposed hybridization. In 1933 (p. 156) the writer suggested that relict felspars with granular inclusions (or clouding) may be useful criteria of a recrystallization antedating hybridization. (2) The grain-size may be reduced by the development of highly poikilitic crystals of hornblende and/or biotite, and by the final disruption of these. Such crystals may be formed as poikiloblasts in the initial recrystallization; but more often they may be attributed to hybridization, and in this process hornblende plays an important rôle. (3) The grain-size may be reduced by the formation of granular masses of pyroxene or by criss-cross flakes of biotite during hybridization. Thomas and Campbell Smith (1932) and Nockolds (1932) have discussed the development of large felspars within the fine grained xenolith and its final incorporation in the acid magma, but it is not the purpose of the present paper to deal with this stage. It is hoped that this discussion may have indicated a means by which coarse basic plutonic rocks may become fine grained xenoliths, and it is finally urged that it is not always necessary to postulate a fine grained origin for these inclusions.