While accompanying the Oxford University Hudson Straits Expedition in 1931 to Akpatok Island in Ungava Bay, North Canada, the writer found that in the horizontally bedded limestones of Ordovician age one stratum alone was graptolitiferous. This contained a vast number of individuals in all stages of development, nevertheless all of the same species. When treated suitably with acid, specimens could be isolated from the matrix and thus a complete ontogeny has been worked out.

The coral capped or fringed islands of the tropics afford many problems for students of the later formations. In the West Indies each island differs from another in structure. Barbados stands alone among them in its seaward position, the general Iniformity of its covering of coral rock and the height, 1,100 feet o which the coral rock has been raised. The formation of this oral rock, which reaches 240 feet in thickness, its uplift, the denudation of it off the Scotland area, and the deep ravining and erosion of both it and the Bissex Hill beds, Oceanic chalks, and Scotland Seeds is entirely so far as one can ascertain a feature of Pleistocene time.