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The Renascence of Islam*
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 31 August 2011
Extract
The term ‘renascence’ in the title of this paper is perhaps a misnomer. Neither the blame for its misapplication, however, nor the credit for a just use of it, should be laid at my door. For it has been employed frequently of late with reference to various developments in several Muslim countries. And the chief aim of the following brief examination of the origins and trends of thought within the world of Islam is simply to discover what meaning, if any, it may have in this connection.
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- Copyright © President and Fellows of Harvard College 1937
References
1 Heidelberg, 1922.
2 Cf. C. H. Becker, Islam Studien, p. 24 ff.
3 The Reconstruction of Religious Thought in Islam, p. 146.
4 Cf. C. H. Becker, Islam Studien, p. 1 ff.
5 Cf. Friedlaender, I., Die Messiasidee im Islam (Festschrift. . . . A. Berliner's, 1903, p. 116Google Scholar ff., esp. p. 121 ff.).
6 See Musnad of Aḥmed ibn Hanbal (Cairo, 1313 H), VI, 226.
7 Cf. J. Schacht, G . Bergsträsser's Grundzüge des Islamischen Rechts, Kap. I.
8 Cf. Al-Ḥasan al-Baṣrī (Der Islam, XXI, Heft I, p. 67 ff., 1933), by H. Ritter.
9 Cf. Shahrastānī (ed. Cureton), p. 85, l. 13 ff. H. Ritter, Die Dogmatischen Lehren der Anhaenger des Islam I, p. 132.
10 Cf. C. H. Becker, Islam Studien, p. 432 ff.
11 Cf. Al-Ḥasan al-Baṣrī (H. Ritter in Der Islam, 1933, XXI, Heft I, p. 67 ff.).
12 Cf. His Essays Indian and Islamic, esp. the first and last.
13 Cf. J. Schacht, Šarīʻa und Qānūn im modernen Ägypten (Der Islam, XX, 1932, p. 209 ff.).
14 Cf. Ignaz Goldziher, Muhammedanische Studien II, p. 66 ff., p. 98 ff.
15 Cf. Al-Khaṣṣāfʼs K. al-ḥizal wal-makhārij (see J. Schacht in OLZ, 1924), also his K. adab al-Qāḍī on the possibility of judgeships under a Sulṭān ghāʼir (+ 261). Cf. J. Schacht in Der Islam XV, p. 211 ff., Islamica II, p. 505 ff.
16 Cf. J. Schacht, Šarīʻa und Qānūn im modernen Ägypten (Der Islam, XX, 1932, p. 209 ff.). E. Fagnen, Les Statuts gouvernementaux, 1915.
17 Cf. R. Hartmann, Zum Wesen der arabischen Nationalbewegung (Der Islam, XIX, 1931, p. 185 ff.).
18 Cf. H. A. R. Gibb, Studies in Contemporary Arabic Literature (Bulletin of the School of Oriental Studies, London Institution, Vol. IV, Part IV, p. 745 ff., Vol. V, Part II, p. 311 ff., Vol. V, Part III, p. 446 ff.).
19 Cf. Amīn Rihani's Ta'rikh Najd al-hadith . . . . wa-sīrat, p. 36 ff. Cf. A. Sanhoury, Le Califat, p. 569 ff., for a sketch of Islam's possible future as state and church.
20 Cf. on Muḥammad ‘Abduh's nationalism R. Hartmann, Zum Wesen der arabischen Nationalbewegung (Der Islam, XIX , 1981, p. 158 ff.).
21 Cf. Cheikh Mohammed Abdou: Al-Tawhid, Risalat. Exposé de la Religion Musulmane (Arabic text and French translation). B. Michel & Cheikh Moustapha Abdal Razik, Paris, 1925Google Scholar.
22 Goldziher, Ignaz, Die Richtungen der Islamischen Koranauslegung, Leiden, 1920, p. 321Google Scholar: Sir Muḥammad Iqbal, The Reconstruction of Religious Thought in Islam, p. 145; Goldziher, Vorlesungen, p. 289 ff.
23 Cf. al-Khaiyat's K. al-intiṣār, etc. (ed. H. S. Nyberg, Cairo, 1344, 1923). Introd. by editor, also OLZ, 1929, p. 425 ff.
Cf. also A. Jaffery, The Suppressed Qurʻān Commentary of Muḥammed Abū Zaid (Der Islam, XX, 1932, p. 301 ff.).
24 Cf. al-Manār (Cairo), XIV, 517. Muḥammad ʻAbduh cites Herbert Spencer, XII, p. 805. Cf. Sayyid Ameer ʻAlí, The Modernity of Islam (Islamic Culture, I, 1927, p. 1 ff.).
25 Cf. his Reconstruction of Religious Thought in Islam, pp. 13 and 120.
26 Cf. ZDMG, XXII, 566, also al-Manār (Cairo), XIV, 577–600.
27 Cf. al-Manār, VIII, 738, 929–930; IX, 60, 335 ff.; IV, 335.
28 But cf. Sayyid Ameer ‘Alī, the Modernity of Islam (Islamic Culture, I, 1927, p. l): ‘Our Faith alone holds out the promise that the world is not doomed to relapse into darkness or become wrapt in gross materialism.’