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8 Brickley, Lynne Templeton makes a similar point, stating that the term ornamental “has yet to be analyzed properly.” She suggests that theorists dichotomized male education into academic and useful, and that classics were considered academic (or ornamental); except for those few going on to college to study for the professions, classics had no real utility and therefore were considered ornamental. Useful subjects for men included bookkeeping, surveying, mensuration, and shorthand. See Lynne Templeton Brickley, “Sarah Pierce's Litchfield Female Academy, 1792–1833” (Ph.D. diss., Harvard University, 1985), 154–156.Google Scholar

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