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Published online by Cambridge University Press: 28 June 2022
In his 2019 post-synodal apostolic exhortation, Christus Vivit, Pope Francis identifies an important challenge for the church today. “Youth ministry,” he writes, “has to be synodal; it should involve a ‘journeying together’ … through a process of co-responsibility … Motivated by this spirit, we can move towards a participatory and co-responsible Church.”
60 Pope Francis, Christus Vivit: Post-Synodal Exhortation to Young People (Rome: Libreria Editrice Vaticana, 2019), §206, https://www.vatican.va/content/francesco/en/apost_exhortations/documents/papa-francesco_esortazione-ap_20190325_christus-vivit.html.
61 “2018 Synod: Already 60,000 Answers from Young People Worldwide,” Zenit, July 4, 2017, https://zenit.org/2017/07/04/2018-synod-already-60000-answers-from-young-people-worldwide/.
62 Final Document from the Pre-Synodal Meeting, Rome, March 19–24, 2018, http://secretariat.synod.va/content/synod2018/en/news/final-document-from-the-pre-synodal-meeting.pdf.
63 Hayden, Tom, The Port Huron Statement: The Vision Call of the 1960s Revolution (New York: PublicAffairs, 2005)Google Scholar.
64 IMCS Pax Romana, “Who We Are?,” The International Movement of Catholic Students, 2021, https://www.imcs-miec.org/who-we-are-2/.
65 IMCS Pax Romana, International Statutes of IMCS Pax Romana (International Movement of Catholic Students, 2007), https://www.imcs-miec.org/statutes/.
66 For a history of Pax Romana's foundation, see Guillaume de Weck, Histoire de La Confédération Internationale Des Étudiants Catholiques “Pax Romana” 1887–1921–1946 (Fribourg: Max Jendly, 1946).
67 Pope Pius XI, “Letter of Pius XI to Cardinal Bertram,” in Clergy and Laity: Official Catholic Teachings, ed. Odile M. Liebard (Wilmington, NC: McGrath, 1978), 30–34.
68 Jules H. Levasseur, “Pax Romana, Its Higher Educational Role” (PhD diss., The Catholic University of America, 1965), 18; Eugene G Schwartz, ed., American Students Organize: Founding the National Student Association after World War II: An Anthology and Sourcebook (Washington, DC: American Council of Education and Praeger Publishers, 2006), 56.
69 Quoted in Rosemary Goldie, From a Roman Window: Five Decades of the World, the Church and the Laity (Melbourne: HarperCollins Melbourne, 1998), 47.
70 Joseph Cardijn, Challenge to Action: Addresses of Joseph Cardijn, Founder and Chaplin General of the Young Cristian Workers, ed. Eugene Langdale (Chicago: Fides Publishers, 1955), 64–65.
71 See Kevin Ahern, “Students Beyond Borders: American Catholics and the Work of Pax Romana 1937–1947,” American Catholic Studies 132, no. 2 (Summer 2021): 39–66.
72 National Federation of Catholic College Students, “History of NFCCS,” 1957, http://dcmny.org/islandora/object/nfccs%3A113.
73 Winifred Byles, “Notes of Address,” organizational meeting of the National Federation of Catholic College Students, New York, 1937, http://dcmny.org/islandora/object/historysocialaction%3A323?search=1937.
74 National Federation of Catholic College Students, “History of NFCCS,” 1957, http://dcmny.org/islandora/object/nfccs%3A113.
75 “7000 Pax Romana Pilgrims From 31 Countries Visit Holy City,” The Catholic Standard & Times, September 8, 1950, Catholic News Archive; “3000 Catholic Collegians Now on Way to Rome in Largest U.S. Pilgrimage,” NCWC News Service, August 15, 1950, Catholic News Archive.
76 Comité Permanent des Congrés Internationaux pour l'Apostolat des Laïques, ed., Actes Du 1er Congres Mondial Pour L'apostolat Des Laiques, vol. 2, 2 vols. (Rome: World Congress for the Lay Apostolate, 1951).
77 Goldie, From a Roman Window, 25–27.
78 Rosemary Goldie, “Lay Participation in the Work of Vatican II,” Miscellanea Lateranense, no. 40–41 (1975 1974): 509.
79 Rosemary Goldie, “Ramon Sugranyes: Catholic International Organizations, COPECIAL and Vatican II,” Notes and Documents (Institut Jacques Maritain) September-December (1998): 24. See also Kevin Ahern, “At the Vanguard of the Geo-Apostolate: Pax Romana (1946–1971),” Schweizerische Zeitschrift Für Religions- Und Kulturgeschichte 115 (2021): 391–408.
80 These included Ramon Sugranyes de Franch, Vittorino Veronese, Mieczyslaw De Habicht, Silvio Golzio, Rosemary Goldie, and Luigi Gedda.
81 Second Vatican Council, Apostolicam Actuositatem, The Decree on the Apostolate of Lay People (Rome: Libreria Editrice Vaticana 1965), https://www.vatican.va/archive/hist_councils/ii_vatican_council/documents/vat-ii_decree_19651118_apostolicam-actuositatem_en.html. Sacrosanctum Concilium, The Constitution on the Sacred Liturgy (Rome: Libreria Editrice Vaticana 1963), https://www.vatican.va/archive/hist_councils/ii_vatican_council/documents/vat-ii_const_19631204_sacrosanctum-concilium_en.html. Second Vatican Council, Lumen Gentium, Dogmatic Constitution on the Church (Rome: Libreria Editrice Vaticana, 1964), https://www.vatican.va/archive/hist_councils/ii_vatican_council/documents/vat-ii_const_19641121_lumen-gentium_en.html.
82 Third World Congress for the Lay Apostolate, “Memorandum to the Synod of Bishops,” Lay Apostolate 3 (1967): 10–11.
83 God's People on Man's Journey: Proceedings of the Third World Congress for the Lay Apostolate (Rome: Permanent Committee for International Congresses of the Lay Apostolate, 1967), 75.
84 Joaquin Ruiz-Gimenéz, “Towards the Future,” in God's People on Man's Journey, 167.
85 Third World Congress for the Lay Apostolate, “Resolutions Adopted by the Assembly of Heads of Delegations,” Lay Apostolate 3 (1967): 16–17.
86 International Movement of Catholic Students, “Christian Students and the Asian Revolution” (Pan Asian Catholic Students’ Seminar, Colombo: Pax Romana Publication, 1967).
87 See Anna Maria Bidegaín, From Catholic Action to Liberation Theology: The Historical Process of the Laity in Latin America in the Twentieth Century, Working Paper 48 (Notre Dame, IN: Kellogg Institute, 1985).
88 28th Interfederal Assembly of IMCS (Lima), “Toward a Re-Definition of the Movement,” International Movement of Catholic Students, 1975, 6, AIF 75/312/FES, Pax Romana Archives, University of Fribourg.
89 Ibid., 5.
90 Gustavo Gutiérrez, A Theology of Liberation: History, Politics, and Salvation (Maryknoll, NY: Orbis Books, 1988), 59.
91 United Nations General Assembly, World Programme of Action for Youth to the Year 2000 and Beyond, A/RES/50/81 (New York: United Nations, 1996), nos. 104–06.
92 Maya Saoud, “The International Year of Youth; Dialogue and Mutual Understanding, August 15, 2010, https://icmyo.org/2010/08/15/the-international-year-of-youth-dialogue-and-mutual-understanding/.
93 XXXI Interfederal Assembly, Study Session 4: Movement (Paris: International Movement of Catholic Students, 1986).
94 Séan Mac Réamoinn, “1987 Diary of the Synod of the Laity,” Pobal Dé (blog), April 3, 2019, http://pobalde.ie/1987-diary-of-sean-mac-reamoinn-of-the-synod-of-the-laity/.
95 Klopfenstein, David, “National Catholic Student Coalition (NCSC),” in Equipped for the Work of Ministry: A Reflection and Planning Guide for the Continuing Formation of Priests (USCCB Publishing, 1996), 180Google Scholar.
96 NCCB/USCC, Empowered by the Spirit: Campus Ministry Faces the Future (Washington, DC: US Conference of Catholic Bishops, 1985), no. 22, https://www.usccb.org/committees/catholic-education/empowered-spirit-campus-ministry-faces-future-table-contents.
97 “Young Catholics and the Synod: Listening to Voices from Around the World,” October 1, 2018, https://www.icmica-miic.org/2018/10/listening-to-voices-from-around-the-world-young-catholics-and-the-synod/.
98 Pope Francis, Christus Vivit, §203.