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Hospital-level high-risk antibiotic use in relation to hospital-associated Clostridioides difficile infections: Retrospective analysis of 2016–2017 data from US hospitals

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  16 September 2019

Ying P. Tabak ,
Arjun Srinivasan ,
Kalvin C. Yu ,
Stephen G. Kurtz ,
Vikas Gupta ,
Steven Gelone ,
Patrick J. Scoble  and
L. Clifford McDonald Open the ORCID record for L. Clifford McDonald [Opens in a new window]
Ying P. Tabak
Affiliation:
Becton, Dickinson and Co., Franklin Lakes, New Jersey
Arjun Srinivasan
Affiliation:
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
Kalvin C. Yu
Affiliation:
Becton, Dickinson and Co., Franklin Lakes, New Jersey
Stephen G. Kurtz
Affiliation:
Becton, Dickinson and Co., Franklin Lakes, New Jersey
Vikas Gupta
Affiliation:
Becton, Dickinson and Co., Franklin Lakes, New Jersey
Steven Gelone
Affiliation:
Nabriva Therapeutics US, King of Prussia, Pennsylvania
Patrick J. Scoble
Affiliation:
Nabriva Therapeutics US, King of Prussia, Pennsylvania
L. Clifford McDonald*
Affiliation:
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
*
Author for correspondence: L. Clifford McDonald MD, 1600 Clifton Road, MS A35, Atlanta GA 30333, Email: ljm3@cdc.gov
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Abstract

Objective:

Antibiotics are widely used by all specialties in the hospital setting. We evaluated previously defined high-risk antibiotic use in relation to Clostridioides difficile infections (CDIs).

Methods:

We analyzed 2016–2017 data from 171 hospitals. High-risk antibiotics included second-, third-, and fourth-generation cephalosporins, fluoroquinolones, carbapenems, and lincosamides. A CDI case was a positive stool C. difficile toxin or molecular assay result from a patient without a positive result in the previous 8 weeks. Hospital-associated (HA) CDI cases included specimens collected >3 calendar days after admission or ≤3 calendar days from a patient with a prior same-hospital discharge within 28 days. We used the multivariable Poisson regression model to estimate the relative risk (RR) of high-risk antibiotic use on HA CDI, controlling for confounders.

Results:

The median days of therapy for high-risk antibiotic use was 241.2 (interquartile range [IQR], 192.6–295.2) per 1,000 days present; the overall HA CDI rate was 33 (IQR, 24–43) per 10,000 admissions. The overall correlation of high-risk antibiotic use and HA CDI was 0.22 (P = .003), and higher correlation was observed in teaching hospitals (0.38; P = .002). For every 100-day (per 1,000 days present) increase in high-risk antibiotic therapy, there was a 12% increase in HA CDI (RR, 1.12; 95% CI, 1.04–1.21; P = .002) after adjusting for confounders.

Conclusions:

High-risk antibiotic use is an independent predictor of HA CDI. This assessment of poststewardship implementation in the United States highlights the importance of tracking trends of antimicrobial use over time as it relates to CDI.

Type
Original Article
Information
Infection Control & Hospital Epidemiology , Volume 40 , Issue 11 , November 2019 , pp. 1229 - 1235
Creative Commons
This work is classified, for copyright purposes, as a work of the U.S. Government and is not subject to copyright protection within the United States.
Copyright
© 2019 by The Society for Healthcare Epidemiology of America. All rights reserved.

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Footnotes

PREVIOUS PRESENTATION. The preliminary results of this study were presented in part at the European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases Conference on April 21, 2018, in Madrid, Spain, and at the American Society for Microbiology conference on June 9, 2018, in Atlanta, Georgia.

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