Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-mlc7c Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-18T22:23:59.795Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Infection Control Practices in the Home: A Survey of Households of HIV-Infected Persons with Hemophilia

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  02 January 2015

Mark N. Lobato ,
Margaret J. Oxtoby ,
Linda Augustyniak ,
M. Blake Caldwell ,
Sarah D. Wiley  and
R.J. Simonds
Mark N. Lobato
Affiliation:
Division of HIV/AIDS, National Centers for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
Margaret J. Oxtoby
Affiliation:
Division of HIV/AIDS, National Centers for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
Linda Augustyniak
Affiliation:
National Hemophilia Foundation, New York, New York
M. Blake Caldwell
Affiliation:
Division of HIV/AIDS, National Centers for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
Sarah D. Wiley*
Affiliation:
Division of HIV/AIDS, National Centers for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
R.J. Simonds
Affiliation:
Division of HIV/AIDS, National Centers for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
*
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Rd, Mailstop E-64, Atlanta, GA 30333
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Objective:

To assess infection control practices and risk for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) transmission in households where home infusion for hemophilia is used.

Design:

Cross-sectional prospective survey from 1992 through 1994.

Setting:

Hemophilia treatment centers.

Participants:

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected persons with hemophilia who receive home infusions of clotting factor concentrate and their household members.

Main Outcome Measures:

Frequency of specific infection control practices in the home and the risk of HIV transmission to household members.

Results:

We surveyed 235 persons from 75 families (79 HIV-infected persons with hemophilia and 156 household members) about infection control practices in the home. Forty-eight percent of household members surveyed helped with the infusion process. Of 74 members who assisted with infusion, 13 (18%) had sustained a needlestick injury, 11 of whom were injured during the past year. One hundred fifty household members tested for antibody to HIV were antibody negative. These household members had a total of 903 person-years of contact after HIV was diagnosed in the index case. Household members' adherence to recommended infection control measures was highest for washing hands after cleaning up infusion equipment and waste, and for using sharps disposal containers. Adherence was lowest for wearing gloves when helping with infusions and proper disposal of bloody waste from the infusion.

Conclusions:

No HIV transmission was found among persons living with HIV-infected persons with hemophilia, although there was a high rate of needlestick injuries during home infusion. Because persons who assisted with infusions often did not wear gloves and many households did not dispose of bloody waste properly, hemophilia treatment center personnel should emphasize these areas when training for home infusion. Adherence to appropriate infection control practices should help to keep the risk of HIV transmission in households extremely low.

Type
Original Articles
Information
Infection Control & Hospital Epidemiology , Volume 17 , Issue 11 , November 1996 , pp. 721 - 725
Copyright
Copyright © The Society for Healthcare Epidemiology of America 1996

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

REFERENCES

1. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Human immunodeficiency virus transmission in household settings—United States. MMWR 1994;43:347,353–356.Google Scholar
2. Fricke, W, Augustyniak, L, Lawrence, D, Brownstein, A, Kramer, A, Evatt, B. Human immunodeficiency virus infection due to clotting factor concentrates: results of the Seroconversion Surveillance Project. Tramfusionn 1992;32:707–709.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
3. Grint, P, McEvoy, M. Two associated cases of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). Commun Dis Rep CDR Weekly 1985;42:4.Google Scholar
4. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Apparent transmission of human T-lymphotrophic virus type III/lymphadenopathy-associated virus from a child to a mother providing health care. MMWR 1986;35:76–79.Google Scholar
5. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. HIV infection in two brothers receiving intravenous therapy for hemophilia. MMWR 1992;41:228–231.Google Scholar
6. Wiley, S, Hannan, J, Barrett, S, Evatt, B. Surveillance of hemophilia, HIV, and HIV risk reduction at federally funded hemophilia treatment centers, 1990-1993. Transfusion 1995;35:444. Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the National Hemophilia Foundation; October 27-30, 1994; Dallas, TX. Abstract.Google Scholar
7. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Summary Analysis of the 1992 Hemophilia Minimal Data Set for Risk Reduction. Atlanta, GA: CDC; 1992.Google Scholar
8. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. HIV transmission between two adolescent brothers with hemophilia. MMWR 1993;42:948–951.Google Scholar
9. Madhok, R, Gracie, JA, Lowe, GDO, Forbes, CD. Lack of HIV transmission by casual contact. Lancet 1986;2:863. Letter.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
10. Muntean, W, Zenz, W, Zaunschirm, W, Teubl, I, Heinz, FX. HTLV-III antibody status in household contacts of seropositive hemophiliacs. Blood 1986;67:1780–1781. Letter.Google Scholar
11. Jason, JM, McDougal, JS, Dixon, G, et al. HTLV-III/LAV antibody and immune status of household contacts and sexual partners of persons with hemophilia. JAMA 1986;255:212–215.Google Scholar
12. Berntorp, E, Christensen, P, Lindvall, K. Lack of transmission of HIV to sexual and non-sexual contacts to HIV seropositive haemophiliacs following preventive information. Scand J Infect Dis 1990;22:279–282.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
13. Lawrence, DN, Jason, JM, Bouhasin, JD, et al. HTLV-III/LAV antibody status of spouses and household contacts assisting in home infusion of hemophilia patients. Blood 1985;66:703–705.Google Scholar
14. Brettler, DB, Forsberg, AD, Levine, PH, Andrews, CA, Baker, S, Sullivan, JL. Human immunodeficiency virus isolation studies and antibody testing. Arch Intern Med 1988;148:1299–1301.Google Scholar
15. Biberfeld, G, Bottiger, B, Berntorp, E, et al. Transmission of HIV infection to heterosexual partners but not to household contacts of seropositive haemophiliacs. Scand J Infect Dis 1986;18:497–500.Google Scholar
16. Berthier, A, Fauchet, R, Genetet, N, et al. Transmissibility of human immunodeficiency virus in haemophilic and non-haemophilic children living in a private school in France. Lancet 1986;2:598–601.Google Scholar
17. Lusher, JM, Operskalski, EA, Aledort, LM, et al. Risk of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection among sexual and nonsexual household contacts of persons with congenital clotting disorders. Pediatrics 1991;88:242–249.Google Scholar
18. Simonds, RJ, Chanock, S. Medical issues related to caring for human immunodeficiency virus-infected children in and out of home. Pediatr Infect Dis J 1993;12:845–852.Google Scholar
19. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Caring for Someone With AIDS: Information for Friends, Relatives, Household Members, and Others Who Care for a Person With AIDS at Home. Atlanta, GA: CDC; revised 1994.Google Scholar