Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-gb8f7 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-30T06:40:19.117Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Stellar variability and individuality: observations and implications (invited paper)

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  12 April 2016

R. Costero
Affiliation:
Institute de Astronomia, UNAM, Mexico
V. Doazan
Affiliation:
Observatoire de Paris, France
R. Stalio
Affiliation:
Osservatorio Astronomico, Trieste, Italy
R.N. Thomas
Affiliation:
Institut d'Astrophysique, Paris, France.

Abstract

Core share and HTML view are not available for this content. However, as you have access to this content, a full PDF is available via the ‘Save PDF’ action button.

Customarily, one assumes that the internal structure of the star is not changed by a mass-flux from the atmosphere; thus one changes evolutionary calculations with mass-loss from those without it only by homologously decreasing the mass at each static evolutionary step. Furthermore, it is customary to assume that the mass-flux can be expressed in terms of only the thermal parameters (luminosity, Tepp) or (g, Teff). Sometimes rotation is introduced, but only as a modification of equatorial gravity, not of internal nonthermal structure. The phenomena of large-amplitude variability in times short compared with evolutionary ones, and of individuality (two stars of the same taxonomic class having different atmospheric distributions of Te and density) invalidate such static evolutionary calculations. We summarize the evidence for such large-amplitude variability in Be and la supergiant B stars. We also summarize the evidence for individuality as exhibited by observations: of OVI in OB stars; of x-ray luminosity across the HR diagram; of far-UV spectra of O stars; and of visual and far-UV spectra of Be stars. These observational results require nonthermal fluxes of mass and nonradiative energy to be imposed from below by the subatmosphere; which implies a nonthermal structure of subatmosphere and at least some part of the interior. Such nonthermal structure must then be included in evolutionary calculations. Thus current observations of nonthermal mass-flux from essentially all stars require including a nonthermal internal structure, not simply a mass-loss, in evolutionary calculations.

Type
Session III - Winds From Early Type Stars: Theory
Copyright
Copyright © Reidel 1981

References

Andriesse, CD.: 1981, this conference.Google Scholar
Boksenberg, A., Kirkham, B., Towlson, W.A. Venis, T.E., Bates, B., Carson, P.P.D., Courts, G.R.: 1975, Space Res. 14, 533.Google Scholar
Carrasco, L., Costero, R., Stalio, R.: 1980 submitted to Astron. Astro-phys.Google Scholar
Castor, J.I.: 1980, Workshop on Mass Loss from Early-type Stars, Boulder.Google Scholar
Conti, P.S.: 1980, Workshop on Mass Loss from Early-type Stars, Boulder.Google Scholar
Conti, P.S., Garmany, CD.: 1980, Astrophys. J. 238, 190.Google Scholar
Doazan, V.: 1976, in ‘Be and Shell Stars’, IAU Symposium No. 70, D. Reide] Pubi. Co, p. 37.Google Scholar
Doazan, V., Kuhi, L.V., Marlbourough, J.M., Snow, T.P., Thomas, R.N.: 1980a in ‘Proceedings of the Second European IUE Conference’ ESA-SP-157, p. 151.Google Scholar
Doazan, V., Stallo, R., Thomas, R.N.: 1980b in ‘The Universe at Ultraviolet Wavelengths: the First Two Years of IUEWashington, Goddard SFC, in press.Google Scholar
Lamers, H.J.G.L.M., Stallo, R., Kondo, Y.: 1978, Astrophys. J. 223, 207.Google Scholar
Lamers, H.J.G.L.M.: 1980a, Workshop on Mass Loss from Early-type Stars, Boulder.Google Scholar
Lamers, H.J.G.L.M.: 1981, this conference.Google Scholar
Morton, D.C: 1979, Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 189, 57.Google Scholar
Peters, G.J.: 1979, Astrophys. J. Suppl. Ser. 39, 175.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Peters, G.J.: 1980, private communication.Google Scholar
Selvelli, P.L., Crivellari, L., Stalio, R.: 1977, Astron. Astrophys. Suppl. 27, 1.Google Scholar
Stalio, R., Rusconi, L., Sedmak, G., Arpigny, C, Georgelin, Y., Rocca, B.: 1979, Astron. Astrophys. 77. L10.Google Scholar
Stalio, R., Sedmak, G., Rusconi, L.: 1981 submitted to Astron. Astrophys.Google Scholar
Vaiana, G.S., Cassinelli, J.P., Fabbiano, G., Giacconi, R., Golub, L., Gorenstein, P., Haisch, B.M., Harnden, F.R. Jr., Johnson, H.M., Linsky, J.L., Maxson, CW., Mewe, R., Rosner, R., Seward, F., Topka, K., Zwaan, C: 1980, Center for Astrophysics, preprint.Google Scholar