Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-7cvxr Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-26T12:32:40.440Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Distribution and species composition of cereal stemborers in the eastern zone of Tanzania

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  19 September 2011

E. Nsami ,
B. Pallangyo ,
V. Mgoo  and
C. O. Omwega
E. Nsami
Affiliation:
National Biological Control Progamme, P. O. Box 30031, Kibaha, Tanzania
B. Pallangyo
Affiliation:
National Biological Control Progamme, P. O. Box 30031, Kibaha, Tanzania
V. Mgoo
Affiliation:
National Biological Control Progamme, P. O. Box 30031, Kibaha, Tanzania
C. O. Omwega
Affiliation:
International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology, P. O. Box 30772, Nairobi, Kenya
Get access

Abstract

A survey was conducted in the four regions of Tanga, Morogoro, Coast and Dar es Salaam in eastern Tanzania to determine the distribution and species composition of cereal stemborers and their natural enemies. A total of 22 fields were sampled in Tanga, 28 in Morogoro, 17 in Coast and one in Dar es Salaam. Chilo partellus was found to be the predominant species, accounting for 80 % of all stemborers collected. Busseola fusca, Sesamia calamistis and Chilo orichalcociliellus made up 15,4 and less than 1 % of the stemborers collected respectively. Infestation levels varied with the age of the plants, whereby younger plants were more severely infested (infestation ranging from 20–40 %) than mature plants (infestation ranging from 5–15 %). Two larval parasitoids, Cotesia sesamiae and Cotesia flavipes, were the main natural enemies collected. However, the levels of parasitism of the stemborers were very low. The exotic natural enemy Co. flavipes may have spread from the Kenya coast (where it is established) into eastern Tanzania.

Résumé

Une enquête a été menée dans les quatre régions de Tanga, Morogoro, Coast et Dar es Salaam dans l'est de la Tanzanie afin de déterminer la distribution et la composition en espèces des foreurs de tige de céréales et de leurs ennemis naturels. Au total, 22 champs ont été échantillonnés dans Tanga, 28 dans Morogoro, 17 dans Coast et un dans Dar es Salaam. Chilo partellus est l'espèce dominante, il représente 80% de tous les foreurs des tiges récoltés. Busseola fusca, Sesamia calamistis et Chilo orichalcociliellus représentent respectivement 15, 4 et moins de 1 % des foreurs de tige récoltés. Les niveaux d'infestation varient avec l'âge des plantes; ainsi les plantes les plus jeunes sont plus sévèrement infestées (l'infestation est comprise entre 20–40%) que les plantes mûres (l'infestation est comprise entre 5 et 15%). Deux parasitoïdes larvaires, Cotesia sesamiae et Cotesia flavipes, sont les principaux ennemis naturels récoltés. Cependant, les niveaux de parasitisme des foreurs des tiges sont très bas. L'ennemi naturel exotique Co. flavipes a dû s'étendre de la côte kenyanne (où il est établi) vers la côte tanzanienne.

Keywords

cereal stemborersspecies compositioninfestation levelparasitismparasitoidsfoieurscomposition en espècesniveaux d'infestationparasitismeparasitoïdes
Type
Research Articles
Information
International Journal of Tropical Insect Science , Volume 21 , Issue 4 , December 2001 , pp. 347 - 351
Copyright
Copyright © ICIPE 2001

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Ampofo (1986) Maize stalk borer (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) damage and plant resistance. Environ. Entomol. 15, 1124–1129.Google Scholar
Banda, T. E. (1993) Sorghum and bulrush millet in Tanzania. Situation and outlook. In National Workshop on Sorghum and Millet Marketing and Utilization for Food Security and Development, Arusha 3–5 May 1993 (Edited by Minde, I. J. and Rohrobach, D. D.).Google Scholar
CIE (CAB Interrational Institute of Entomology) (1989) Chilo partellus (Swinhoe). Distribution Maps of Pests, Series A (Agriculture) No. 184, International Institute of Entomology, London.Google Scholar
CIMMYT (1992) CIMMYT World Maize Facts and Trends: Maize Research Investments and Impacts in Developing Countries. CIMMYT, Mexico, D. F.Google Scholar
Duerden, J. C. (1953) Stemborers of cereal crops at Kongwa, Tanganyika 1950–1952. + Corrigendum 1954. East Afr. Agric. J. 19, 105–119 + 211 (1954)Google Scholar
Moshi, A., Anandajayasekeram, P., Kaliba, A., Martella, D., Mwangi, W. and Shao, F. (1997) Economic Impact of Maize Research in Tanzania. Southern African Centre for Cooperation in Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Training.Google Scholar
Nyambo, B. T. and Kabisa, J. C. (1998) The status of maize stalkborers in Tanzania. A review with emphasis on possible future research proposals, pp. 224–228. In Proceedings of the First Tanzania National Maize Research Workshop, Arusha 6–7 Jane, 1988 (Edited by Moshi, A. J. and Ransom, J. K.). Tanzania Agricalstural Research Organization, Dar es Salaam.Google Scholar
Omwega, C. O., Overholt, W. A., Mbapila, J. C. and Kimani-Njogu, S. W. (1997) Establishment of Cotesia flavipes (Cameron) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae), an exotic endoparasitoid of Chilo partellus (Swinhoe) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) in Tanzania. African Entomology 5, 71–75.Google Scholar
Overholt, W. A., Ngi-Song, A. J., Omwega, C. O., Kimani-Njogu, S. W., Mbapila, J., Sallam, M. N. and Ofomata, V. (1997) A review of the introduction and establishment of Cotesia flavipes Cameron (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) in East Africa for biological control of cereal stemborers. Insect Sci. Applic. 17, 19–35.Google Scholar
Seshu Reddy, K.V. and Sum, K.O.S. (1992) Yield infestation relationship and determination of economic injury level of the stemborer, Chilo parlellus (Swinhoe) in three varieties of maize, Zea mays L. Maydica 37, 371–376.Google Scholar