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Genetic aspects of quality control in tsetse colonies

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  19 September 2011

R. H. Gooding
R. H. Gooding
Affiliation:
Department of Entomology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada T6G 2E3
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Abstract

Tsetse colonized either for laboratory studies or for release in S. I. T. programmes are assumed to be healthy and geneticallyw similar to flies in natural populations. However, insect colonies are subjected to many of the same evolutionary forces that influence genetic changes in natural populations, i.e. drift, selection, hitch-hiking, mutations, assortative mating and immigration. The influence of these on genetic structure of tsetse fly colonies is outlined, and examples are presented from several species. There is little or no evidence for adaptation during the early phases of laboratory colonization of five species of tsetse. A model is presented indicating that with as little as a 5% fitness difference between males, some colonies have existed long enough to have undergone significant changes in the relative numbers of males having “standard” and “enhanced” fitness. Slight changes in heterozygosity of colonized flies is documented by comparing colonies and field-collected flies and by comparisons within colonies over periods of several generations or years. An example of hitch-hiking is illustrated with the closely linked genes Sr (sex ratio) and Est-X in Glossina morsitans submorsitans. A possible interaction between alleles at these loci is discussed. A summary is presented of polyacrylamide gel electrophoretic methods for monitoring 16 polymorphic loci distributed among the X chromosome and autosomes of tsetse.

Résumé

Des mouches tsé-tsé groupées en vue des recherches en laboratoire ou pour des programmes S. I. T. sont censées être en bonne santé et génétiquement similaires aux mouches se trouvant dans leur milieu naturel. Cependant, les colonies d'insectes sont sujettes à la plupart des mêmes forces d'evolution qui influencent des mutations génétiques dans le milieu naturel, notamment le vent, la sélection, “le hitch-hiking”, les mutations, l'accouplement selon les phénotypes et l'immigration. L'influence de ces facteurs sur la structure génétique des colonies de mouches tsé-tsé est cernée et des exemples sont présentés a partir de plusieurs espèces. Il n'y a presque pas d'évidence quant à l'adaptation pendant les premières phases de la colonisation en laboratoire pour cinq espèces de mouches tsé-tsé. Un modèle est présenté indiquant qu'avec une différence d'aptitudes d'environ 5% entre mâles, certaines colonies ont existé assez longtemps pour subir des changements significatifs en nombres relatifs des mâles ayant des aptitudes “standard” et “renfoncés”. De légères modifications dans l'hétérozygosité des mouches groupées peuvent faire l'objet d'un document en comparant les colonies des mouches avec les mouches capturées et par comparaisons au sein des groupes pendant des périodes de plusieurs générations ou pendant des années. Un exemple de hitch-hiking est illustré par des gènes Sr (sex ration) étroitement liés et Est-X dans Glossina morsitans submorsitans. Une interaction possible entre allélomorphes et ces locus est discutée. On a présenté un résumé sur les méthodes éiéctrophorétiques du gel polyacrylamide pour repérer 16 locus polymorphiques distribués entre chromosomes X et autosomes des mouches tsé-tsé.

Keywords

Glossinagenetic variationtsetse coloniesgenetic selectiongenetic drifthitch-hiking
Type
Research Article
Information
International Journal of Tropical Insect Science , Volume 11 , Issue 3 , June 1990 , pp. 385 - 398
Copyright
Copyright © ICIPE 1990

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