Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-s2hrs Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-14T13:23:45.649Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Growth disruption activity of polar extracts from Kotschya uguenensis (Fabaceae) against Anopheles gambiae s.s. (Diptera: Culicidae) larvae

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  01 December 2008

Ester Innocent ,
Cosam C. Joseph ,
Nicholas K. Gikonyo ,
Mayunga H.H. Nkunya  and
Ahmed Hassanali
Ester Innocent*
Affiliation:
Institute of Traditional Medicine, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, PO Box 65001, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania icipe – African Insect Science for Food and Health, PO Box 30772-00100, Nairobi, Kenya
Cosam C. Joseph
Affiliation:
Department of Chemistry, University of Dar es Salaam, PO Box 35061, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
Nicholas K. Gikonyo
Affiliation:
Department of Pharmacy & Complementary/Alternative Medicine, Kenyatta University, PO Box 43844-00100, Nairobi, Kenya
Mayunga H.H. Nkunya
Affiliation:
Department of Chemistry, University of Dar es Salaam, PO Box 35061, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
Ahmed Hassanali
Affiliation:
icipe – African Insect Science for Food and Health, PO Box 30772-00100, Nairobi, Kenya
*
*E-mail: einnocent@muhas.ac.tz
Get access

Abstract

Studies on the larvicidal properties of extracts and fractions from Kotschya uguenensis Verdc. were done by long-term exposure of Anopheles gambiae s.s. larvae. The cumulative mean percentage mortalities and deformities at different concentrations for the extracts and fractions were recorded after every 24 h. Treatment of A. gambiae s.s. larvae with K. uguenensis extracts showed growth disruption by forming elongated guts and resulting in eventual death. Larvae treated with the methanol extracts from the stem and root barks, and fractions of the former extract attained complete mortality in 6–8 days at 50 and 100 ppm. More deformed larvae were observed from the methanol extract of the stem bark (40%) and methanol-soluble fraction (88%) than those treated with water-soluble fraction (22%) and methanol extract of the root bark (5%). The growth disruption may be associated with constituents in the plant that interfere with the normal endocrine system functions.

Keywords

Kotschya uguenensislarvicidelarval growth disruptionelongated gutlong-term exposureAnopheles gambiae s.s.
Type
Research Paper
Information
International Journal of Tropical Insect Science , Volume 28 , Issue 4 , December 2008 , pp. 220 - 224
Copyright
Copyright © ICIPE 2009

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Dev, S. and Kaoul, O. (1997) Insecticides of Natural Origin. Harwood Academic Publishers, New Delhi, India. pp. 15–19.Google Scholar
Gikonyo, N. K., Mwangi, R. W. and Midiwo, J. O. (1998) Toxicity and growth-inhibitory activity of Polygonum senegalense (Meissn.) surface exudates against Aedes aegypti larvae. Insect Science and Its Application 18, 229–234.Google Scholar
Gillett, J. B., Milne-Redhead, E. and Polhill, R. M. (1971) Flora of Tropical East Africa; Papilionoideae. Crown Agents, London. 414 pp.Google Scholar
Gusmão, D. S., Páscoa, V., Mathias, L., Vieira, I. J. C., Braz-Filho, R. and Lemos, F. J. A. (2002) Derris (Lonchocarpus) urucu (Leguminosae) extract, modifies the peritrophic matrix structure of Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culidae). Memórias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz 97, 371–375.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Najera, J. A. and Zaim, M. (2002) Malaria Vector Control: Decision Making Criteria and Procedures for Judicious Use of Insecticides. Ref: WHO/CDS/WHOPES/2002.5 Rev. 1. WHO, Geneva.Google Scholar
Ndung'u, M., Torto, B., Knols, B. G. J. and Hassanali, A. (2004) Laboratory evaluation of some eastern African Meliaceae as sources of botanicals for Anopheles gambiae. International Journal of Tropical Insect Science 24, 311–318.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
SAS Institute, (2000) SAS Procedure Guide for Personal Computers, version 8.01. SAS Institute, Cary, NC.Google Scholar
Verdcourt, B. (1971) Flora of Tropical East Africa; Leguminosae Parts 3&4; Papilionoideae Parts 1&2. Rotterdam, Netherlands. pp. 410–415.Google Scholar
WHO (World Health Organization) (1996) Protocols for Laboratory and Field Evaluation of Insecticides and Repellents: Report of the WHO Informal Consultation on the Evaluation and Testing of Insecticides. WHO, Geneva, 7–11 October 1996. Ref: CTD/WHOPES/IC/96.1.Google Scholar
WHO (World Health Organization) (2005) Guidelines for Laboratory and Field Testing of Mosquito Larvicides. WHO, Geneva. Ref: WHO/CDS/WHOPES/GCDPP/2005.13.Google Scholar