Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-mlc7c Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-15T23:23:05.407Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Relative toxicity of neem to natural enemies associated with the chickpea ecosystem: a case study

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  01 December 2007

G.V. Ranga Rao ,
V. Visalakshmi ,
M. Suganthy ,
P. Vasudeva Reddy ,
Y.V.R. Reddy  and
V. Rameshwar Rao
G.V. Ranga Rao*
Affiliation:
International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics, Patancheru 502 324, Andhra Pradesh, India
V. Visalakshmi
Affiliation:
Department of Entomology, Agricultural College, Naira, Srikakulam, Andhra Pradesh, India
M. Suganthy
Affiliation:
Department of Entomology, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India
P. Vasudeva Reddy
Affiliation:
Cotton Pest Management, International Institute of Information Technology, Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh, India
Y.V.R. Reddy
Affiliation:
International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics, Patancheru 502 324, Andhra Pradesh, India
V. Rameshwar Rao
Affiliation:
International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics, Patancheru 502 324, Andhra Pradesh, India
*
*E-mail: g.rangarao@cgiar.org
Get access

Abstract

Neem products are often perceived as harmless to natural enemies, pollinators and other non-target organisms. For this reason, several integrated pest management (IPM) programmes have adopted neem as one of the prime components. This study revealed toxic effects of neem on soil-inhabiting and aerial natural enemies in chickpea to an extent of 41 and 29% population reduction, respectively, compared with 63 and 51% when using a conventional insecticide (endosulfan). Neem also affected the parasitization of Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner) larvae by Campoletis chlorideae Uchida up to 20%. The natural enemy population started building up from the vegetative phase and reached their peak during the reproductive phase, and there was a gradual decline from pod formation to pre-harvest phases of the crop. Adapting the currently used IPM system in chickpea using neem during the vegetative phase, followed by an application of Helicoverpa nuclear polyhedrosis virus (HNPV) at flowering and need-based application(s) of chitin inhibitors like novaluron or flufenoxuron instead of endosulfan during pod formation would strongly augment natural enemy populations. This paper discusses the relative toxicity of neem and other IPM components on soil-inhabiting and aerial natural enemies in the chickpea ecosystem.

Keywords

natural enemiesneemendosulfannovaluronflufenoxuronchitin inhibitorschickpea
Type
Research Paper
Information
International Journal of Tropical Insect Science , Volume 27 , Issue 3-4 , December 2007 , pp. 229 - 235
Copyright
Copyright © ICIPE 2008

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Ascher, K. R. S. (1993) Non-conventional insecticidal effects of pesticides available from the neem tree Azadirachta indica. Archives of Insect Biochemistry and Physiology 23, 433–449.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Banken, J. A. O. and Stark, J. D. (1997) Multiple routes of pesticide exposure and the risk of pesticides to biological controls. A study of neem and seven-spotted lady beetle (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae). Journal of Economic Entomology 91, 1–6.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Banken, J. A. O. and Stark, J. D. (1998) Stage and age influence on the susceptibility of Coccinella septempunctata (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) after direct exposure to Neemix, a neem insecticide. Journal of Economic Entomology 90, 1102–1105.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
FAO (2001) FAO—Production Year Book. Vol. 55. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome. 336 pp.Google Scholar
Fernandez, N. J., Palanignan, E. L., Soon, L. L. and Botrell, D. G. (1992) Impact of neem on non-target organisms, pp. 117–121. In Proceedings of Final Workshop Botanical Pest Control Project Phase 2. IRRI, Los Baños, Philippines.Google Scholar
Ishaaya, I., Horowitz, A. R., Tirry, L. and Barazani, A. (2002) Novaluron (Rimon), a novel IGR: Mechanism, selectivity and importance in IPM programs. Proceedings of the International Symposium on Crop Protection, Mededelingen Faculteit Land bouwkundige en Toege paste Biologische Wetenschappen, Universiteit Gent 67, 617–626.Google Scholar
Jayaraj, S. (1992) Pest management in pulses: An overview, pp. 154–165. In Proceedings of the National Symposium on New Frontiers in Pulses Research and Development, 10–12 November 1989 (Edited by Sachan, J. N.). Directorate of Pulses Research, Kanpur, India.Google Scholar
Krishnamurthy, A. (1995) Effect of several pesticides on eggs, larvae and adults of the green lace wing Chrysoperla carnea Stephens. Entomon 10, 21–28.Google Scholar
Lal, S. S. (1990) Present status of Helicoverpa armigera (Hubner) on pulses and future strategies for its management in Utter Pradesh, pp. 34–41. In First National Workshop on Heliothis Management: Current Status and Future Strategies (Edited by Sachan, J. N.). Directorate of Pulses Research, Kanpur.Google Scholar
Lavchieva Nacheva, G. and Shishiniova, M. (2000) Effect of the insect growth regulators Cascade and Nomolt on larvae of Phytodecta fornicate Brug (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae) and Coccinella septempunctata L. (Coleoptera, Coccinellidae). Acta Zoologica Bulgarica 52, 75–78.Google Scholar
Luff, M. L. (1987) Biology of polyphagous ground beetles in agriculture. Agricultural Zoology Review 2, 237–278.Google Scholar
Markandeya, V. and Diwakar, B. J. (1999) Effect of a neem formulation on four bio-agents. Plant Protection Bulletin 15, 28–29.Google Scholar
Odak, S. C. (1982) Integrated control of gram pod borer, Heliothis armigera Hubner (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). ICRISAT Annual Report for 1982,106 pp.Google Scholar
Olsazk, R. W., Pawlik, B. and Zajac, R. Z. (1994) The influence of some insect growth regulators on mortality and fecundity of the aphidophagous coccinellids Adalia bipunctata and Coccinella septempunctata L. (Col., Coccinellidae). Journal of Applied Entomology 117, 58–63.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Parmar, B. S. (1993) Scope of botanical pesticides in integrated pest management. Journal of Insect Science 6, 15–20.Google Scholar
Pfrimmer, T. R. (1964) Populations of certain insects and spiders on cotton plants following insecticide application. Journal of Economic Entomology 57, 640–644.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ranga Rao, G. V. and Shanower, T. G. (1999) Identification and management of pigeonpea and chickpea insect pests in Asia. ICRISAT Information Bulletin 57.Google Scholar
Ranga Rao, G. V., Pande, S., Reddy, Y. V. R., Narayana Rao, J. and Rameshwar Rao, V. (2002) Insect Pests and Diseases of Agricultural Importance and Their Management in India. Resources Management in Plant Protection. Vol. 1. Plant Protection Association of India, Hyderabad. pp. 85–103.Google Scholar
Schmutterer, H. (1990) Properties and potentials of natural pesticides from the neem tree, Azadirachta indica. Annual Review of Entomology 25, 271–297.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Singh, R. P. and Kataria, P. K. (1991) Insects, nematodes and fungi evaluated with neem (Azadirachta indica A. Juss) in India. Neem Newsletter 8 (1), 3–10.Google Scholar
Srinivasan, G. and Sundara Babu, P. C. (2000) Effect of neem products on predatory green lacewing, Chrysoperla carnea Stephens (Chrysopidae: Neuroptera). Pesticide Research Journal 12, 123–126.Google Scholar
Wu, H. L. (1986) Determination of toxicity of some insecticides to Lycosa pseudoannulata and Apanteles cypris. Natural Enemies of Insects 8, 230–231.Google Scholar