International criminal law — Crimes against humanity — Definition — Requirement that crime be directed against the civilian population — Whether combatants can be victims of crimes against humanity — Whether persons who at a particular time offer resistance constitute combatants for these purposes — Requirement that act be part of a widespread or systematic attack upon the civilian population

International criminal law — International trials — International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia — Rules of Procedure — Rule 61 — Hearing to confirm indictment in absence of the accused — Standards to be applied by Trial Chamber

War and armed conflict — Armed conflict — Definition — Characterization of conflict as internal or international — Conflict in Croatia in November 1991 — Capture of Vukovar — War crimes — Grave breaches of the Geneva Conventions — Massacre of patients, staff and other prisoners captured at Vukovar hospital — Protected persons under the Geneva Conventions — Crimes against humanity