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Testing Clausewitz: Nationalism, Mass Mobilization, and the Severity of War

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  07 October 2011

Lars-Erik Cederman ,
T. Camber Warren  and
Didier Sornette
Lars-Erik Cederman
Affiliation:
Center for Comparative and International Studies, ETH Zurich. E-mail: lcederman@ethz.ch
T. Camber Warren
Affiliation:
Center for Comparative and International Studies, ETH Zurich. E-mail: CamberW@gmail.com
Didier Sornette
Affiliation:
ETH Zurich. E-mail: dsornette@ethz.ch
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Abstract

Drawing on Clausewitz's classical theory, we argue that the emergence of mass nationalism following the French Revolution profoundly altered the nature of the units constituting the interstate system, thereby transforming the conduct of interstate warfare. To validate these assertions—and thus to test Clausewitz—we rely on quantitative evidence at the macro level, with a particular focus on the global distribution of interstate war sizes, measured in terms of battle deaths, over the past five centuries. Drawing on extreme value theory, we demonstrate that temporal discontinuities in the shapes of the tails of such distributions can be used to draw inferences about the nature of the mechanisms underlying the bloodiest events in world history. This approach allows us to show that the interstate system experienced a fundamental shift in the mechanisms underlying the production of war sizes: a shift that can be dated to the years 1770–1810, and that resulted in a systematic increase in war severity. These same tools also allow us to rule out a number of alternative explanations for this shift (including changes in population sizes and changes in weapons technology), while providing evidence for a specific account of war severity rooted in the mobilizational capacities of states.

Type
Research Article
Information
International Organization , Volume 65 , Issue 4 , October 2011 , pp. 605 - 638
Copyright
Copyright © The IO Foundation 2011

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