Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-tf8b9 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-23T14:21:10.396Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Prevalence of dementia and factors associated with dementia in rural Bangladesh: data from a cross-sectional, population-based study

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  17 July 2014

Katie Palmer ,
Zarina N. Kabir ,
Tanvir Ahmed ,
Jena D. Hamadani ,
Christel Cornelius ,
Miia Kivipelto  and
Åke Wahlin
Katie Palmer*
Affiliation:
Department of Psychology, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
Zarina N. Kabir
Affiliation:
Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
Tanvir Ahmed
Affiliation:
International Center for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Dhaka, Bangladesh
Jena D. Hamadani
Affiliation:
International Center for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Dhaka, Bangladesh
Christel Cornelius
Affiliation:
Aging Research Centre, NVS, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
Miia Kivipelto
Affiliation:
Aging Research Centre, NVS, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
Åke Wahlin
Affiliation:
Department of Psychology, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden Aging Research Centre, NVS, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden School of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia Institute of Gerontology, School of Health Sciences, Jönköping University, Jönköping, Sweden
*
Correspondence should be addressed to: Katie Palmer PhD, Department of Psychology, Stockholm University, Frescati Hagväg 14, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden. Email: katie.palmer@psychology.su.se.
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Background:

There are currently no published reports of dementia prevalence or factors associated with dementia occurrence in Bangladesh. The aims are to report the prevalence of definite and questionable dementia in rural Bangladesh, and examine factors potentially associated with dementia occurrence, including sociodemographic, clinical, social, and nutritional factors.

Methods:

We used data from a population-based, cross-sectional study from Matlab, in rural Bangladesh, on 471 persons aged 60+ years. Participants underwent a clinical examination including diagnosis of somatic disorders, and a structured interview including questions about sociodemographic and social factors. Nutritional status was measured with the Mini Nutritional Assessment, and blood tests were conducted to assess a range of nutritional and clinical aspects. Age- and sex-specific dementia prevalence was calculated. Crude and adjusted logistic regression was used to examine associations between dementia and clinical, social, and nutritional factors. Dementia was diagnosed using a two-step procedure by physicians according to DSM-IV criteria.

Results:

The prevalence of questionable dementia was 11.5% and definite dementia was 3.6%. Dementia prevalence increased with increasing years of age (adjusted OR: 1.04; 95% CI = 1.002–1.1) and decreased with more years of education (adjusted OR: 0.8; 95% CI = 0.6–0.99). Being malnourished increased the odds of dementia almost six-fold (adjusted OR: 5.9; 95% CI = 1.3–26.3), while frequent participation in social activities was associated with a decreased odds (adjusted OR: 0.5; 95% CI = 0.2–0.9).

Conclusions:

The prevalence of dementia in rural Bangladesh is similar to other countries in the South Asia region, but lower than reports from other world regions. Malnutrition is strongly associated with dementia occurrence, and is a relevant area for future research within low-income countries.

Keywords

dementialow-income countryBangladeshAlzheimercognitionaging
Type
Research Article
Information
International Psychogeriatrics , Volume 26 , Issue 11 , November 2014 , pp. 1905 - 1915
Copyright
Copyright © International Psychogeriatric Association 2014 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Albanese, E. et al. (2009). Dietary fish and meat intake and dementia in Latin America, China, and India: a 10/66 Dementia Research Group population-based study. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 90, 392–400.Google Scholar
Allain, T. J. et al. (1997) Morbidity and disability in elderly Zimbabweans. Age and Ageing, 26, 115–121.Google Scholar
Atti, A. R., Palmer, K., Volpato, S., Winblad, B., De Ronchi, D. and Fratiglioni, L. (2008). Late-life body mass index and dementia incidence: nine-year follow-up data from the Kungsholmen project. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, 56, 111–116.Google Scholar
Chandra, V., Ganguli, M., Pandav, R., Johnston, J., Belle, S. and DeKosky, S. T. (1998). Prevalence of Alzheimer's disease and other dementias in rural India: the Indo-US study. Neurology, 51, 1000–1008.Google Scholar
de Silva, H. A., Gunatilake, S. B. and Smith, A. D. (2003). Prevalence of dementia in a semiurban population in Sri Lanka: report from a regional survey. International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 18, 711–715.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dhillon, P. K. et al. (2012). Status of epidemiology in the WHO South-East Asia region: burden of disease, determinants of health and epidemiological research, workforce and training capacity. International Journal of Epidemiology, 41, 847–860.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Drabkin, D. L. and Austin, J. H. (1935). Spectrophotometric studies: preparations from washed blood cells. Journal of Biological Chemistry 112, 51–65.Google Scholar
FAO (1999). Nutrition Country Profiles – Bangladesh. Rome: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations.Google Scholar
Friedewald, W. T., Levy, R. I. and Fredrickson, D. S. (1972). Estimation of the concentration of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol in plasma, without use of the preparative ultracentrifuge. Clinical Chemistry, 18, 499–502.Google Scholar
Ghisletta, P., Bickel, J. F. and Lövdén, M. (2006). Does activity engagement protect against cognitive decline in old age? Methodological and analytical considerations. The Journals of Gerontology Series B: Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences, 61, 253–261.Google Scholar
Harding, T.W. et al. (1980) Mental disorders in primary health care: a study of their frequency and diagnosis in four developing countries. Psychological Medicine, 10, 231–241.Google Scholar
Herbert, V. and Zalusky, R. (1962). Interrelations of vitamin B12 and folic acid metabolism: folic acid clearance studies. Journal of Clinical Investigation, 41, 1263–276.Google Scholar
Kabir, Z. and Herlitz, A. (2000). The Bangla adaptation of Mini-Mental State Examination (BAMSE): an instrument to assess cognitive function in illiterate and literate individuals. International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 15, 441–450.Google Scholar
Kabir, Z. N., Ferdous, T., Cederholm, T., Jhanam, M. A., Streatfied, K. and Wahlin, A. (2006). Mini Nutritional Assessment of rural elderly people in Bangladesh: the impact of demographic, socio-economic and health factors. Public Health and Nutrition, 9, 968–974.Google Scholar
Kones, R. (1990). Folic acid, 1991: an update, with new recommended daily allowances. Southern Medical Journal, 83, 1454–1458.Google Scholar
Llibre Rodriguez, J. J. et al. (2008). Prevalence of dementia in Latin America, India, and China: a population-based cross-sectional survey. Lancet, 372, 464–474.Google Scholar
Lopes-Virella, M., Stone, P., Ellis, S. and Colwell, C. A. (1997). Cholesterol determination in high-density lipoproteins separated by three different methods. Clinical Chemistry, 23, 882–884.Google Scholar
Malinow, M. R. (1995). Plasma homocyst(e)ine and arterial occlusive diseases: a mini review. Clinical Chemistry, 41, 173–176.Google Scholar
Mathuranath, P. S. et al. (2010). Dementia in Kerala, south India: prevalence and influence of age, education and gender. International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 25, 290–297.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Morley, J. E. (1981) Neuroendocrine control of thyrotropin secretion. Endocrine Reviews, 2, 396–436.Google Scholar
O’Leary, F., Allman-Farinelli, M. and Samman, S. (2012). Vitamin B12 status, cognitive decline and dementia: a systematic review of prospective cohort studies. British Journal of Nutrition, 108, 1948–1961.Google Scholar
Prince, M. (2004). Care arrangements for people with dementia in developing countries. International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry 19, 170–177.Google Scholar
Prince, M. et al. (2013) The global prevalence of dementia: a systematic review and meta analysis. Alzheimer's and Dementia, 9, 63–75.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Siedel, J., Hägele, E. O., Ziegenhorn, J. and Wahlefeld, A. W. (1983) Reagent for the enzymatic determination of serum total cholesterol with improved lipolytic efficiency. Clinical Chemistry, 29, 1075–1080.Google Scholar
Somannavar, S., Ganesan, A., Deepa, M., Datta, M. and Mohan, V. (2008). Random capillary blood glucose cut points for diabetes and pre-diabetes derived from community-based opportunistic screening in India. Diabetes Care, 32, 641–643.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Teitz, N. W. (1990) Clinical Guide to Laboratory Tests, 2nd edn. Philadelphia, PA: WB Saunders.Google Scholar
Tietz, N. W. (1995). Clinical Guide to Laboratory Tests, 3 rd edn. Philadelphia, PA: WB Saunders.Google Scholar
Trinder, P. (1969). Determination of glucose in blood using glucose oxidase with an alternative oxygen acceptor. Annals of Clinical Biochemistry, 6, 24–27.Google Scholar
Tripathi, M., et al. (2012) Risk factors of dementia in north India: a case-control study. Aging and Mental Health, 16, 228–235.Google Scholar
Wimo, A., Winblad, B. and Jönsson, L. (2010). The worldwide societal costs of dementia: estimates for 2009. Alzheimer's and Dementia, 6, 98–103.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed