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Validity of the geriatric depression scale and the collateral source version of the geriatric depression scale in nursing homes

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 May 2015

Zhicheng Li ,
Yun-Hee Jeon ,
Lee-Fay Low ,
Lynn Chenoweth ,
Daniel W. O’Connor ,
Elizabeth Beattie  and
Henry Brodaty
Zhicheng Li
Affiliation:
Sydney Nursing School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
Yun-Hee Jeon*
Affiliation:
Sydney Nursing School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
Lee-Fay Low
Affiliation:
Faculty of Health Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
Lynn Chenoweth
Affiliation:
Faculty of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, Australia Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, UNSW Australia, Sydney, Australia
Daniel W. O’Connor
Affiliation:
Monash Ageing Research Centre, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
Elizabeth Beattie
Affiliation:
School of Nursing, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia Dementia Collaborative Research Centre: Carers and Consumers, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
Henry Brodaty
Affiliation:
Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, UNSW Australia, Sydney, Australia Dementia Collaborative Research Centre, School of Psychiatry, UNSW Australia, Sydney, Australia
*
Correspondence should be addressed to: Yun-Hee Jeon, Sydney Nursing School, The University of Sydney, NSW 2050, Australia. Phone: +61 2 9351 0674; Fax: +61 2 9351 0679. Email: yun-hee.jeon@sydney.edu.au.
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Abstract

Background:

Depression is a common psychiatric disorder in older people. The study aimed to examine the screening accuracy of the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS) and the Collateral Source version of the Geriatric Depression Scale (CS-GDS) in the nursing home setting.

Methods:

Eighty-eight residents from 14 nursing homes were assessed for depression using the GDS and the CS-GDS, and validated against clinician diagnosed depression using the Semi-structured Clinical Diagnostic Interview for DSM-IV-TR Axis I Disorders (SCID) for residents without dementia and the Provisional Diagnostic Criteria for Depression in Alzheimer Disease (PDCdAD) for those with dementia. The screening performances of five versions of the GDS (30-, 15-, 10-, 8-, and 4-item) and two versions of the CS-GDS (30- and 15-item) were analyzed using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves.

Results:

Among residents without dementia, both the self-rated (AUC = 0.75–0.79) and proxy-rated (AUC = 0.67) GDS variations performed significantly better than chance in screening for depression. However, neither instrument adequately identified depression among residents with dementia (AUC between 0.57 and 0.70). Among the GDS variations, the 4- and 8-item scales had the highest AUC and the optimal cut-offs were >0 and >3, respectively.

Conclusions:

The validity of the GDS in detecting depression requires a certain level of cognitive functioning. While the CS-GDS is designed to remedy this issue by using an informant, it did not have adequate validity in detecting depression among residents with dementia. Further research is needed on informant selection and other factors that can potentially influence the validity of proxy-based measures in the nursing home setting.

Keywords

depressionnursing homesassessmentgeriatric depression scale
Type
Research Article
Information
International Psychogeriatrics , Volume 27 , Issue 9 , September 2015 , pp. 1495 - 1504
Copyright
Copyright © International Psychogeriatric Association 2015 

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