Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-8ctnn Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-23T05:38:09.506Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Beach Vitex (Vitex rotundifolia): An Invasive Coastal Species

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 January 2017

Matthew M. Cousins ,
Jeanne Briggs ,
Chuck Gresham ,
Jack Whetstone  and
Ted Whitwell
Matthew M. Cousins
Affiliation:
Department of Horticulture, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29632
Jeanne Briggs
Affiliation:
Department of Horticulture, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29632
Chuck Gresham
Affiliation:
Department of Forestry and Natural Resources, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29632
Jack Whetstone
Affiliation:
Department of Forestry and Natural Resources, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29632
Ted Whitwell*
Affiliation:
Department of Horticulture, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29632
*
Corresponding author's E-mail: twhtwll@clemson.edu
Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Core share and HTML view are not available for this content. However, as you have access to this content, a full PDF is available via the ‘Save PDF’ action button.

Beach vitex is a salt-tolerant, perennial, invasive shrub that has naturalized in coastal areas of the southeastern United States. Since its introduction in the 1980s, this Pacific Rim native has invaded many fragile beach-dune ecosystems along the Mid-Atlantic, Southern Atlantic, and Gulf of Mexico. Large-scale monocultures of beach vitex supplant native species through rapid vegetative reproduction and seed production. Fruits are capable of water-based dispersal, allowing for potential rapid range expansion in coastal areas. Ecosystem damage resulting from exclusion of native plant species by beach vitex and fears associated with potential negative effects on sea turtle nesting have served to promote the control and survey efforts presently underway in coastal areas of the Carolinas, Virginia, and Maryland.

Keywords

Beach vitex, Vitex rotundifolia L. f.Beach dune communityseashorelandscape plantmedicinal plantexotic
Type
Invasion Alert
Information
Invasive Plant Science and Management , Volume 3 , Issue 3 , November 2010 , pp. 340 - 345
Creative Commons
Creative Common License - CCCreative Common License - BY
This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted re-use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright
Copyright © Weed Science Society of America

References

Literature Cited

Beaumont, L. J., Hughes, L., and Poulsen, M. 2005. Predicting species distributions: use of climatic parameters in BIOCLIM and its impact on predictions of species' current and future distributions. Ecol. Model 186:250–269.Google Scholar
Cantino, P. D. 1992. Toward a phylogenetic classification of the Labiatae. Pages 27–37. In Harley, R. M. and Reynolds, T. eds. Advances in Labiatae Science. Richmond, UK Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.Google Scholar
[CBVTF] Carolinas Beach Vitex Task Force 2009. Task Force News. http://www.northinlet.sc.edu/resource/task_force.htm. Accessed April 15, 2009.Google Scholar
Corner, E. J. H. 1939. Notes on the systematy and distribution of Malayan phanerogams, III. Gard. Bull. Straits Settlem 10:239–329.Google Scholar
Cousins, M. M., Briggs, J., Whitwell, T., Whetstone, J., and Gresham, C. 2010. Reestablishment potential of beach vitex (Vitex rotundifolia) following removal and control efforts. Invasive Plant Sci. Manag. In press.Google Scholar
Cousins, M. M., Gresham, C. A., Riley, M. B., and Whitwell, T. 2009. Beach dune sand hydrophobicity due to the presence of beach vitex (Vitex rotundifolia L. f.). J. Agric. Food Chem 57:409–415.Google Scholar
Cousins, M., Whitwell, T., and Briggs, J. 2006. Control of beach vitex with postemergence herbicides. Pages 413–416. in. Proceedings of the 51st Annual Southern Nursery Association Research Conference. Atlanta, GA Southern Nursery Association.Google Scholar
de Kok, R. 2007. The genus Vitex (Lamiaceae) in New Guinea and the south Pacific islands. Kew Bull 62:587–603.Google Scholar
de Kok, R. 2008. The genus Vitex (Labiatae) in the Flora Malesiana region, excluding New Guinea. Kew Bull 63:17–40.Google Scholar
Dirr, M. A. 1998. Manual of Woody Landscape Plants: Their Identification, Ornamental Characteristics, Culture, Propagation, and Uses. Champaign, IL Stipes. 1092 p.Google Scholar
Dorell, O. 2009. Vines assault East Coast dunes. USA Today, October 16, 2009. 8A p.Google Scholar
[FOCEC] Flora of China Editorial Committee 1994. Vitex . Flora China 17:28–32.Google Scholar
Fosberg, F. R. 1962. Miscellaneous notes on Hawaiian plants, 3. Bishop Mus. Occas. Pap 23:29–44.Google Scholar
Gresham, C. A. and Neal, A. 2004. An Evaluation of the Invasive Potential of Beach Vitex (Vitex rotundifolia). Clemson, SC Belle W. Baruch Institute of Coastal Ecology and Forest Science, Clemson University. www.beachvitex.org. Accessed: March 27, 2010.Google Scholar
Haïdara, K., Zamir, L., Shi, Q., and Batist, G. 2006. The flavonoid casticin has multiple mechanisms of tumor cytotoxicity action. Cancer Lett 242:180–190.Google Scholar
Harley, R. M., Atkins, S., Budantsev, A. L., et al. 2004. Labiatae. Pages 167–275. In Kubitzki, K. and Kadereit, J. W. eds. The Families and Genera of Vascular Plants. Berlin Springer.Google Scholar
Hu, Y., Xin, H. L., Zhang, Q. Y., Zheng, H. C., Rahman, K., and Qin, L. P. 2007. Anti-nociceptive and anti-hyperprolactinemin activities of Fructus viticis effective fractions and chemical constituents. Phytomedicine 14:668–674.Google Scholar
Kim, K. D. 2005. Invasive plants on disturbed Korea sand dunes. Estuar. Coast. Shelf Sci 62:353–364.Google Scholar
Lee, J. S., Ihm, B. S., Cho, D. S., Son, D. Y., and Kim, J. W. 2007. Soil particle sizes and plant communities on coastal dunes. J. Plant Biol 50:475–479.Google Scholar
Moldenke, H. N. 1958. Materials toward a monograph of the genus Vitex, X. Phytologia 6:129–192.Google Scholar
Munir, A. A. 1987. A taxonomic revision of the genus Vitex L. (Verbenaceae) in Australia. J. Adel. Bot. Gard 10:31–79.Google Scholar
[NCDACS] North Carolina Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services 2010. North Carolina Noxious Weeds List. http://www.agr.state.nc.us/plantindustry/plant/weed/noxweed.htm. Accessed: March 23, 2010.Google Scholar
Neal, M. C. 1965. In Gardens of Hawaii. Honolulu, HI Bishop Museum Special Publication 50. 728 p.Google Scholar
Olsen, R. T. and Bell, A. C. 2005. History of beach vitex cultivation: a potential invasive ornamental. Pages 531–533. in. Proceedings of the 50th Annual Southern Nursery Association Research Conference. Atlanta, GA Southern Nursery Association.Google Scholar
Peel, M. C., Finlayson, B. L., and McMahon, T. A. 2007. Updated world map of the Köppen–Geiger climate classification. Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci 11:1633–1644.Google Scholar
Raulston, J. C. 1993. [Newsletter 14, July 1986]. in. The Chronicles of the North Carolina State University Arboretum: The Collected Newsletters from the First Decade at the NCSU Arboretum. Raleigh, NC NCSU Arboretum.Google Scholar
Shin, T. Y., Kim, S. H., Lim, J. P., et al. 2000. Effect of Vitex rotundifolia on immediate-type allergic reaction. J. Ethnopharmacol 72:443–450.Google Scholar
[SPCC] State Pharmacopeia Commission of China 2000. Pharmacopoeia of the People's Republic of China [English ed.]. Beijing Pharmacopoeia Commission of the Ministry of Public Health. 297–298.Google Scholar
[VADACS] Virginia Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services 2009. Board of Agriculture and Consumer Services Issues Permanent Beach Vitex Quarantine. http://www.vdacs.virginia.gov/news/releases-b/120409beachvitex.shtml. Accessed: March 27, 2010.Google Scholar
Wagner, W. L., Herbst, D. R., and Sohmer, S. H. 1999. Manual of the Flowering Plants of Hawai'i. Honolulu, HI Bishop Museum. 1326–1327.Google Scholar
Watanabe, K., Takada, Y., Matsuo, N., and Nishimura, H. 1995. Rotundial, a new natural mosquito repellent from the leaves of Vitex rotundifolia . Biosci. Biotechnol. Biochem 59:1979–1980.Google Scholar
WorldClim 2009. Global Climate Data: Climate Database Files. http://www.worldclim.org/. Accessed: November 15, 2009.Google Scholar