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Native and Exotic Grass Competition with Invasive Hoary Cress (Cardaria draba)

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 January 2017

Kenneth P. Puliafico ,
Mark Schwarzländer ,
William J. Price ,
Bradley L. Harmon  and
Hariet L. Hinz
Kenneth P. Puliafico*
Affiliation:
Department of Plant Soil and Entomological Sciences, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID 83844–2339
Mark Schwarzländer
Affiliation:
Department of Plant Soil and Entomological Sciences, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID 83844–2339
William J. Price
Affiliation:
Statistical Programs, College of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID 83844–2337
Bradley L. Harmon
Affiliation:
Department of Plant Soil and Entomological Sciences, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID 83844–2339
Hariet L. Hinz
Affiliation:
Biological Weed Control, CABI Europe—Switzerland, 1 Rue des Grillons, Delémont, Switzerland CH–2800
*
Corresponding author's E-mail: puliafico@gmail.com
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Abstract

The Eurasian perennial mustard, hoary cress, Cardaria draba (Brassicaceae), is an invasive weed in western North America that can displace native plants and other desirable forage species in pastures and rangelands. This study investigated the competitive ability of 11 grasses representing nine species in the genera Festuca and Poa from either North America (NA) or Europe (EU) against hoary cress. Hoary cress was grown alone and with four different grass densities under controlled conditions with ample water and nutrient supply, typical for riparian and disturbed habitats, in which hoary cress infestations are commonly found. Of the five Festuca grasses tested, only Schedonorus phoenix (= F. arundinacea) decreased hoary cress biomass. Four of the six Poa grasses tested decreased hoary cress biomass and were ranked by decreasing competitive effects as follows: P. annua > P. compressa (EU) > P. pratensis (EU) > P. compressa (NA). The most competitive grass species also experienced higher intraspecific competition. Within both grass genera, Eurasian species were more competitive against hoary cress than their North American congeners, which suggests that hoary cress establishment may be facilitated by lower biotic resistance in the invaded range. Regardless of origin, sod-forming Poa species were competitive at low densities, while Festuca species only had significant effects at high densities if at all. Based on our results we recommend the use of Poa species for restoration of riparian and disturbed sites following the control of hoary cress infestations to restrict recolonization.

Keywords

Annual bluegrass, Poa annua L. POAANCanada bluegrass, Poa compressa L. POACOhoary cress, Cardaria draba (L.) Desv. [ = Lepidium draba L.] CADDRIdaho fescue, Festuca idahoensis ElmerKentucky bluegrass, Poa pratensis L. POAPRred fescue, Festuca rubra L. FESRUrough fescue, Festuca campestris Rydb.Sandberg bluegrass, Poa secunda J. Presl.sheep fescue, Festuca ovina L. FESOVtall fescue, Schedonorus phoenix (Scop.) Holub [ = Festuca arundinacea Schreb.] FESARRevegetationrestorationintraspecific competitioninterspecific competitionplanting density
Type
Research
Information
Invasive Plant Science and Management , Volume 4 , Issue 1 , March 2011 , pp. 38 - 49
Copyright
Copyright © Weed Science Society of America 

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References

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