Covering the history of the “Star Group” (Goruh-e Setareh) this book adds three main points of information to existing accounts of the Iranian Left: First, the Star Group, formed by National Front activists in the Confederation of Iranian Students, was unique among Iran's armed revolutionary organizations of the 1970s in its unorthodox anti-Stalinist perspective. Thus, after evolving into the Communist Unity Group/Organization in 1978–1979, it was at the forefront of opposition to the revolution's clerical leadership, even before the fall of the Shah. Second, during the early 1970s, the Star Group represented the Fada'ian and Mojahedin guerilla organizations outside of Iran, providing them with arms, training, and radio programs with the help of Palestinian organizations and the Iraqi government. Later, relations with the Fada'ian and Mojahedin broke over disagreements in which the Star Group considered both organizations to have been taken over by Stalinists, leading to such acts as the execution of their “deviant” members. Third, the Star Group was the most internationalist of Iran's revolutionary organizations in term of ideology and the transnational scope of its activities. Aligning with the global New Left, it rejected both the Soviet and Chinese models of socialism, offered an independent anti-authoritarian leftist option to thousands of Iranian students in Europe and the U.S., and forged links to Palestinian guerrilla organizations and the governments of Iraq, Syria, and South Yemen. Members of the Star Group fought alongside Palestinians against Israel, participated in Lebanon's Civil War and defended Oman's revolutionary movement against the intervention of the Shah's army. Regrouped in the Communist Unity Organization, these independent Marxists actively opposed the Islamic Republic until they were crushed, along with all other dissidents, during the early 1980s.