Hostname: page-component-7479d7b7d-qs9v7 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-07-13T22:51:41.352Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

LA STRUTTURAZIONE DEI SISTEMI PARTITICI NELLE NUOVE DEMOCRAZIE

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  17 July 2018

Maurizio Cotta

Sistemi partitici e spazio politico nelle nuove democrazie

Core share and HTML view are not available for this content. However, as you have access to this content, a full PDF is available via the ‘Save PDF’ action button.

La ricostruzione di un sistema partitico competitivo dopo la caduta di un regime non democratico (che per definizione aveva soppresso il pluralismo partitico) non comporta soltanto la creazione (e poi eventualmente il consolidamento) di un numero maggiore o minore di partiti con le proprie identità ideologiche, programmatiche e organizzative, ma anche la definizione di uno spazio politico all'interno del quale queste unità partitiche interagiranno. In effetti nei sistemi politici consolidati le identità stesse delle singole unità partitiche possono essere pienamente determinate solo collocandole nella dimensione sistemica.

Summary

Summary

This essay studies the making of competitive party systems after the breakdown of a non democratic regime. More in particular the author discusses through a comparative analysis of the three waves of democratizations that have taken place in Europe after the Second World War how the passage from the transition to the post transition phase affects the features of the party system.

The starting point is the finding that the first structuring of the party systems in the new democracies is in most cases strongly influenced by the special problems of the transition period. The article discusses how the need to ensure the conditions for a successful instauration of democracy tends to produce broad coalitions or special front-like political movements associating all political forces which support democracy. The few exceptions to this rule can be explained either by a more easy transition or by a transition controled by external actors. The first structuring produced during the transition is however by its own nature only temporary. With the solution of the problems of this phase the political agenda changes significantly with a shift of the attention from the institutional issues of democracy to the substantial issues of economy, society, etc. The political space widens and gains new dimensions. This is a propitious moment for the birth of new parties, for splits in the old ones and for coalitional changes. A more stable structuring of the party system will be accomplished only during the post-transition phase as a result of a combination of long term socio-political cleavages, legacies of the previous regime and of the new key issues that have gained a place on the political agenda after the accomplishment of democratization.

Type
RICERCHE
Information
Italian Political Science Review / Rivista Italiana di Scienza Politica , Volume 25 , Issue 2 , August 1995 , pp. 267 - 305
Copyright
Copyright © Società Italiana di Scienza Politica 

References

Riferimenti bibliografici

Agh, A. (1992), The Parliamentary Way to Democracy: the Case of Hungary, Budapest Papers on Democratic Transition n. 2, Budapest, Budapest University of Economics.Google Scholar
Bartolini, S. e Mair, P. (1990), Identity, Competition and Electoral Availability, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Bluhm, W.T. (1973), Building an Austrian Nation. The Political Integration of a Western Nation, New Haven, Yale University Press.Google Scholar
Budge, I. e Keman, H. (1990), Parties and Democracy. Coalition Formation and Government Functioning in Twenty States, Oxford, Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Burton, M., Gunther, R. e Higley, J. (1992), Introduction: Elite Transformations and Democratic Regimes, in Higley, J. e Gunther, R. (a cura di), Elites and Democratic Consolidation in Latin America and Southern Europe, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Cotta, M. (1993), New Party Systems after the Dictatorship: Dimensions of Analysis. The East European Cases in a Comparative Perspective. Working Paper n. 9, Dipartimento di Scienze Storiche, Giuridiche, Politiche e Sociali, Università di Siena.Google Scholar
Cotta, M. (1994), Building Party Systems after the Dictatorship. The East European Cases in a Comparative Perspective, in Pridham, G. e Vanhanen, T. (a cura di), Democratization in Eastern Europe, London, Routledge.Google Scholar
Diamandouros, N. (1986), Regime Change and the Prospects for Democracy in Greece: 1974–1983, in O’ Donnell, G., Schmitter, Ph. C. e Whitehead, L. (a cura di), Transitions from Authoritarian Rule. Southern Europe, Baltimore, The Johns Hopkins University Press.Google Scholar
Downs, A. (1957), An Economic Theory of Democracy, New York, Harper & Row.Google Scholar
Engelmann, F.C. (1966), Austria: Pooling the Opposition, in Dahl, R. (a cura di), Political Oppositions in Western Democracies, New Haven, Yale University Press.Google Scholar
Gebethner, S. (1993), Political Parties in Poland after the Semi-Free Elections of 1989, mimeo.Google Scholar
Gerlich, P. e Müller, W.C. (a cura di) (1983), Zwischen Koalition und Konkurrenz. Oesterreichs Parteien seit 1945, Wien, Braumueller.Google Scholar
Grilli di Cortona, P. (1989), Le crisi politiche nei regimi comunisti, Milano, Franco Angeli.Google Scholar
Grilli di Cortona, P. (1994), Nuovi conflitti e nuovi sistemi partitici all'Est. Verso un modello esplicativo, in «Rivista Italiana di Scienza Politica», XXIV, pp. 203–236.Google Scholar
Gunther, R. (1992), Spain: the Very Model of the Modem Elite Settlement, in Higley, J. e Gunther, R. (a cura di), Elites and Democratic Consolidation in Latin America and Southern Europe, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Gunther, R., Sani, G. e Shabad, G. (1988), Spain After Franco. The Making of a Competitive Party System, Berkeley, University of California Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Huneeus, C. (1985), La Unión de Centro Democrático y la transición a la democracia en Espana, Madrid, Centro de Investigaciones Sociológicas.Google Scholar
Karasimeonov, G. (1993), Sea Changes in the Bulgarian Party System, in «The Journal of Communist Studies», IX.Google Scholar
Kitschelt, H., (1992), The Formation of Party Systems in East Central Europe, in «Politics and Society», XX.Google Scholar
Korosenyi, A. (1993), Stable or fragile Democracy? – Party System in Hungary, in «Government and Opposition», XXVIII, pp. 87–104.Google Scholar
Laver, M. e Shofield, N. (1990), Multiparty Government, Oxford, Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Linz, J.J. (1994), Presidential or Parliamentary Democracy: does it Make a Difference?, in Linz, J. e Valenzuela, A. (a cura di), The Failure of Presidential Democracy. Comparative Perspectives, Baltimore, The Johns Hopkins University Press.Google Scholar
Mackie, T. e Rose, R. (1991), The International Almanach of Electoral History, London, Macmillan.Google Scholar
Morlino, L. (1986), Consolidamento democratico: definizione e modelli, in «Rivista Italiana di Scienza Politica», XVI, pp. 197–238.Google Scholar
Morlino, L. (a cura di) (1991), Costruire la democrazia, Bologna, Il Mulino.Google Scholar
Morlino, L. (1995), Parties and Democratic Consolidation in Southern Europe, in Gunther, R., Diamandouros, N. e Puhle, H. J. (a cura di), The Politics of Democratic Consolidation in Southern Europe, Baltimore, The Johns Hopkins University Press.Google Scholar
Pasquino, G. (1986), The Demise of the First Fascist Regime and Italy's Transition to Democracy: 1943–1948, in O’ Donnell, G., Schmitter, Ph. C. e Whitehead, L. (a cura di), Transitions from Authoritarian Rule. Southern Europe, Baltimore, The Johns Hopkins University Press.Google Scholar
Pridham, G. (1977), Christian Democracy in Western Germany. The CDU/CSU in Government and Opposition, London, Croom Helm.Google Scholar
Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty, Research Reports, anni 1990–94.Google Scholar
Rothschild, J. (1990), East Central Europe between the Two World Wars, Seattle, University of Washington Press.Google Scholar
Ruhl, H.G. (a cura di) (1982), Neubeginn und Restauration, Muenchen, DTV.Google Scholar
Sartori, G. (1976), Parties and Party Systems, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Smith, G. (1979), Democracy in Western Germany. Parties and Politics in the Federal Republic, London, Heinemann.Google Scholar
Szajkowski, B. (a cura di) (1991), New Political Parties of Eastern Europe and the Soviet Union, Harlow, Longman.Google Scholar
Wandruska, A. (1954), Öesterreichs politische Struktur. Die Entwiklung der Parteien und politische Bewegungen, in Benedikt, H. (a cura di), Geschichte der Republik Öesterreichs, Wien.Google Scholar
Williams, Ph. (1958), Politics in Post-war France. Parties and the Constitution in the Fourth Republic, London, Longmans.Google Scholar