Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-p9bg8 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-22T16:31:57.269Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

A comparison of sources of supplementary nitrogen for young cattle receiving fibre-rich diets

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  27 March 2009

T. Smith ,
Valerie J. Broster  and
R. E. Hill
T. Smith
Affiliation:
National Institute for Research in Dairying, Shinfteld, Reading, Berks.
Valerie J. Broster
Affiliation:
National Institute for Research in Dairying, Shinfteld, Reading, Berks.
R. E. Hill
Affiliation:
National Institute for Research in Dairying, Shinfteld, Reading, Berks.
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Summary

Fishmeal, soya-bean meal and urea were compared as nitrogen sources in diets rich in fibre for yearling cattle, using feeding trials and digestibility and nitrogen retention studies. All animals were individually fed. Diets supplemented with fishmeal supported the highest rates of daily live-weight gain and nitrogen retention. There was no response in dry-matter intake and digestibility from extra nitrogen, either from fishmeal or urea, when the crude protein of the diet was 8·5% or over, and a small response in digestibility when soya-bean meal was used.

Molar proportions of VFA, rumen NH3-N concentrations and blood urea nitrogen concentrations were all affected by both amount and source of nitrogen supplementation. Multiple regression analysis showed the undegradable protein supply to be more critical with high than with low fibre diets.

Type
Research Article
Information
The Journal of Agricultural Science , Volume 95 , Issue 3 , December 1980 , pp. 687 - 695
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 1980

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

REFERENCES

Andrews, R. P., Escuder-Volonte, J., Curran, M. F. & Holmes, W. (1972). The influence of supplements of energy and protein on the intake and performance of cattle fed on cereal straws. Animal Production 15, 167–176.Google Scholar
Bath, I. H. & Rook, J. A. F. (1963). The evaluation of cattle foods and diets in terms of the ruminal concentration of volatile fatty acids. 1. The effects of level of intake, frequency of feeding, the ratio of hay to concentrates in the diet, and of supplementary feeds. Journal of Agricultural Science, Cambridge 61, 341–348.Google Scholar
Blaxter, K. L. & Wilson, R. S. (1963). The assessment of a crop husbandry technique in terms of animal production. Animal Production 5, 27–42.Google Scholar
Broster, W. H. & Oldham, J. D. (1977). Protein quantity and quality for the U.K. dairy cow. In Nutrition and the Climatic Environment (ed. Haresign, W., Swan, H. and Lewis, D.), pp. 123–153. London: Butterworth.Google Scholar
Broster, W. H., Smith, T., Siviter, J. W., Schuller, E. & Broster, V. J. (1978). Experiments on the nutrition of the dairy heifer. XI Further observations on the effect of energy intake on protein utilization. Journal of Agricultural Science, Cambridge 91, 399–413.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Broster, W. H., Tuck, V. J. & Smith, T. (1966). Nutrition of the growing heifer. Report, National Institute for Research in Dairying, p. 54.Google Scholar
Burt, A. W. A. (1971). Animal nutrition. Reports on Progress in Applied Chemistry 46, 399–413.Google Scholar
Elliott, R. C. & Topps, J. H. (1963). Voluntary intake of low protein diets by sheep. Animal Production 5, 269–276.Google Scholar
Elliott, R. C. & Topps, J. H. (1964). Studies of protein requirements of ruminants. 3. Nitrogen balance on Blackhead Persian sheep given diets of different energy and protein content. British Journal of Nutrition 18, 245–252.Google Scholar
Feedingstuffs Evaluation Unit (1975). First Report. Department of Agriculture and Fisheries for Scotland.Google Scholar
Ishaque, M., Thomas, P. C. & Rook, J. A. F. (1971). Relationship between the pattern of ruminal fermentation and the flow of materials to the duodenum in sheep receiving a diet of barley, flaked maize and ground hay. Proceedings of the Nutrition Society 30, 1–2A.Google Scholar
Jackson, P., Rook, J. A. F. & Towers, K. G. (1971). The physical form of a barley grain and barley straw diet and nitrogen metabolism in sheep. Proceedings of the Nutrition Society 30, 1 A.Google Scholar
Kay, M. (1976). Meeting the energy and protein requirements of the growing animal. In Principles of Cattle Production (ed. Swan, H. and Broster, W. H.), pp. 255–269. London: Butterworth.Google Scholar
Lewis, D. (1962). The inter-relationship of individual proteins and carbohydrates during fermentation in the rumen of sheep. II. The fermentation of starch in the presence of proteins and other substances containing nitrogen. Journal of Agricultural Science, Cambridge 58, 73–79.Google Scholar
Loosli, J. K. & Mcdonald, I. W. (1968). Nonprotein Nitrogen in the Nutrition of Ruminants. Rome: F.A.O., No. 75.Google Scholar
Miller, E. L. (1973). Evaluation of foods as sources of nitrogen and amino acids. Proceedings of the Nutrition Society 32, 79–84.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Miller, E. L., Balch, C. C., Ørskov, E. R., Roy, J. H. B. & Smith, R. H. (1977). Comparison of calculated N requirements for ruminants with the results of practical feeding trials. In Protein Metabolism and Nutrition, pp. 137–141. Pudoc: Wageningen.Google Scholar
Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food (1975). Energy allowances and feeding systems for ruminants. Technical Bulletin no. 33. London: H.M.S.O.Google Scholar
Oldham, J. D., Buttery, P. J., Swan, H. & Lewis, D. (1977). Interactions between dietary carbohydrate and nitrogen and digestion in sheep. Journal of Agricultural Science, Cambridge 89, 467–479.Google Scholar
Ørskov, E. R. (1970). Nitrogen utilization by the young ruminant. Proceedings 4th Conference for Feed Manufacturers, University of Nottingham (ed. Swan, H. and Lewis, D.), pp. 20–43. London: J. & A. Churchill.Google Scholar
Ørskov, E. R. (1976). Factors influencing protein and non-protein nitrogen utilization in young ruminants. E.A.A.P. Publication 16, Protein Metabolism and Nutrition (ed. Cole, D. J. A.), pp. 457–476. London: Butterworth.Google Scholar
Ørskov, E. R. (1977). Nitrogen digestion and utilization by young and lactating ruminants. World Review of Nutrition & Dietetics (ed. Bourne, G. H., Georgia, Atlanta), pp. 225–257. Basel: S. Karger.Google Scholar
Ørskov, E. R., Fraser, C. & Corse, E. L. (1970). The effect on protein utilization of feeding different protein supplements via the rumen or via the abomasum in young growing sheep. British Journal of Nutrition 24, 803–809.Google Scholar
Ørskov, E. R., Fraser, C. & McDonald, I. (1972). Digestion of concentrates in sheep. 4. The effects of urea on digestion, nitrogen retention and growth in young lambs. British Journal of Nutrition 27, 491–501.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ørskov, E. R., Fraser, C, McDonald, I. & Smart, R. L. (1974). Digestion of concentrates in sheep. 5. The effect of adding fishmeal and urea together to cereal diets on protein digestion and utilization by young sheep. British Journal of Nutrition 31, 89–98.Google Scholar
Preston, T. R. (1972). Fattening beef cattle on molasses in the tropics. World Animal Review 1, 24–29.Google Scholar
Reid, J. T. (1953). Urea as a protein replacement for ruminants: a review. Journal of Dairy Science 36, 955–996.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Roffler, R. E. & Satter, L. D. (1975). Relationship between ruminal ammonia and non-protein nitrogen utilization by ruminants. 1. Development of a model for predicting non-protein nitrogen utilization by cattle. Journal of Dairy Science 58, 1880–1888.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Roy, J. H. B., Balch, C. C., Miller, E. L., Ørskov, E. R. & Smith, R. H. (1977). Calculation of the Nrequirement for ruminants from nitrogen metabolism studies. In Protein Metabolism and Nutrition, pp. 126–129. Pudoc: Wageningen.Google Scholar
Satter, L. D. & Roffler, R. E. (1975). Nitrogen requirement and utilization in dairy cattle. Journal of Dairy Science 58, 1219–1237.Google Scholar
Satter, L. D. & Roffler, R. E. (1977). Calculating requirements for protein and non-protein nitrogen by ruminants. In Protein Metabolism and Nutrition, pp. 133–136. Pudoc: Wageningen.Google Scholar
Smith, T. (1978). The utilization of poor quality roughages by yearling dairy heifers. Ph.D. thesis, University of Reading.Google Scholar
Smith, T. (1979). The collection of faeces and urine from steers. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture 30, 215–217.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Smith, T. & Broster, W. H. (1979). Measurements of straw breakdown in the rumen using the nylon bag technique. In Straw Decay and its Effect on Disposal and Utilization (ed. Grossbard, E.), pp. 321–322. Chichester: John Wiley.Google Scholar
Smith, T., Broster, W. H. & Siviter, J. W. (1980). An assessment of barley straw and oat hulbs as energy sources for yearling cattle. Journal of Agricultural Science, Cambridge 95, 677–686.Google Scholar
Snedecor, G. W. (1956). Statistical Methods Applied to Experiments in Agriculture and Biology (5th edition). Iowa: Iowa State University Press.Google Scholar
Whitelaw, F. G., Preston, T. R. & Dawson, G. S. (1961). The nutrition of the early weaned calf. II. A comparison of commercial groundnut meal, heattreated groundnut meal and fishmeal as the major protein source in the diet. Animal Production 3, 127–133.Google Scholar
Whitelaw, F. G., Preston, T. R. & Macleod, N. A. (1964). The nutrition of the early weaned calf. VII. The relative value of four different fishmeal products as the major protein source in the diet. Animal Production 6, 25–30.Google Scholar