Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-2plfb Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-30T21:38:38.618Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Deposition of sulphur from the atmosphere and the sulphur balance in four soils under grass

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  27 March 2009

A. W. Bristow
Affiliation:
The Grassland Research Institute, Hurley, Maidenhead, Berkshire, SL6 5LR
E. A. Garwood
Affiliation:
The Grassland Research Institute, Hurley, Maidenhead, Berkshire, SL6 5LR

Summary

The sulphur balance in eight lysimeters containing four different soils under grass was examined over a 4-year period during which the annual mean concentration of sulphur dioxide (SO2) in the air at the site decreased from 30 to 14 μg/m3. The amounts of sulphur harvested in the grass and lost in drainage were set against additions in fertilizer, rainfall and from dry deposition. A decline in annual dry-matter yield was accompanied by a decrease in the concentration of sulphur in the herbage and an increase in the ratio of nitrogen to sulphur. It was concluded that atmospheric sources and soil reserves may become insufficient to meet the sulphur requirement of grassland.

Type
Research Article
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 1984

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

REFERENCES

Association of Official Analytical Chemists (1970). Official Methods of Analysis. Washington, D.C.: The Association of Official Analytical Chemists, Inc.Google Scholar
Belford, R. K. (1979). Collection and evaluation of large soil monoliths for soil and crop studies. Journal of Soil Science 30, 363373.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
British Standards Institution (1969). Methods for the Measurement of Air Pollution. Part 3. Determination of sulphur dioxide. British Standard 1747. London: British Standards Institution.Google Scholar
Chamberlain, A. C. & Chadwick, R. C. (1953). Deposition of air borne radio iodine vapor. Nucleonics 8, 2225.Google Scholar
Chaudry, I. A. & Cornfield, A. H. (1966). The determination of total sulphur in soil and plant material. Analyst 91, 528530.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cowling, D. W. & Lockyer, D. R. (1976). Growth of perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) exposed to a low concentration of sulphur dioxide. Journal of Experimental Botany 27, 411417.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cowling, D. W. & Lockyer, D. R. (1978). The effect of SO2 on Lolium perenne L. grown at different levels of sulphur and nitrogen nutrition. Journal of Experimental Botany 29, 257265.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Department of the Environment (1982). Digest of Environmental Pollution and Water Statistics, vol. 5. London: H.M.S.O.Google Scholar
Dowdell, R. J. & Webster, C. P. (1980). A lysimeter study using nitrogen-15 on the uptake of fertilizer nitrogen by perennial ryegrass swards and losses by leaching. Journal of Soil Science 31, 6575.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ensminger, L. E. (1954). Some factors affecting the adsorption of sulphate by Alabama soils. Soil Science Society of America Proceedings 18, 259264.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Garland, J. A. (1977). The dry deposition of SO2 to land and water surfaces. Proceedings of The Royal Society, Series A 354, 245268.Google Scholar
Garland, J. A. & Cox, L. C. (1982). Deposition of small particles to grass. Atmospheric Environment 16, 26992702.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Garwood, E. A. & Tyson, K. C. (1973). Losses of nitrogen and other plant nutrients to drainage from soil under grass. Journal of Agricultural Science, Cambridge 80, 303312.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gehrke, C. W., Kaiser, F. E. & Ussary, J. P. (1988). Automated speetrophotometric method for nitrogen in fertilizers. Journal of the Association of Official Analytical Chemists 51, 200211.Google Scholar
Hester, J. B. (1948). Operation of an industrial service laboratory for analysing soil and plant samples. In Diagnostic Techniques for Soils and Crops (ed. Kitchen, H. B.), p. 117. Washington, D.C.: The American Potash Institute.Google Scholar
Jones, L. H. P., Cowling, D. W. & Lockyer, D. R. (1972). Plant-available and extractable sulphur in some soils of England and Wales. Soil Science 114, 104114.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Martin, A. (1980). Sulphur in air and deposited from air and rain over Great Britian and Ireland. Environmental Pollution (Series B) I, 177193.Google Scholar
Martin, A. & Barber, F. R. (1981). Sulphur dioxide, oxides of nitrogen and ozone measured continuously for 2 years at a rural site. Atmospheric Environment 15, 567578.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Murphy, M. D., Brogan, J. C. & Noonan, D. G. (1983). Sulphur fertilization of pasture improves cattle performance. Sulphur in Agriculture 7, 26.Google Scholar
Scott, N. M., Watson, M. E., Caldwell, K. S. & Inkson, R. H. E. (1983). Response of grassland to the application of sulphur at two sites in north-east Scotland. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture 34, 357361.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sinclair, A. G. (1974). An auto-analyser method for determination of extractable sulphate in plant material. Plant and Soil 40, 693697.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Steinbergs, A., Iismaa, O., Freney, J. R. & Barrow, N. J. (1962). Determination of total sulphur in soil and plant material. Analytica Chimica Acta 27, 158164.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tabatabai, M. A. & Bremner, J. M. (1970). An alkaline oxidation method for determination of total sulphur in soils. Soil Science Society of America Proceedings 34, 6265.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Warren Spring Laboratory (1983). The Investigation of Air Pollution. National Survey of Smoke and Sulphur Dioxide. April 1981 – March 1982. Stevenage: Department of Industry.Google Scholar
Wilson, M. (1979). Construction details for an automatic wet deposition collector. Central Electricity Generating Board, Midlands Region Scientific Services Department, Ratcliffe-on-Soar, Nottingham.Google Scholar