¹ Greene, and Pole, , “Reconstructing British-American Colonial History,” in Colonial America: Essays in the New History of the Early Modern Era (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins, 1984), 6–9Google Scholar. I have not done a survey, but believe that the editors' introductory essay is in danger of becoming a ritual citation.

² Encyclopedia of the North American Colonies, Cooke, Jacob E., Editor in Chief, and Associate Editors Eccles, W. J., Gutiérrez, Ramón A., Klein, Milton M., Main, Gloria Lund, Main, Jackson Turner, and Vaughan, Alden T. (Three Volumes, Charles Scribner's Sons: New York, 1993.)Google Scholar Hereafter cited as Encyclopedia.

³ The splitting and lumping debate (the phrase belongs, I believe, to J. H. Hexter) has been with us for some time. Those wanting to begin could do worse than read Berlin, Isaiah, The Hedgehog and the Fox: An Essay on Tolstoy's View of History, now recently reprinted (Chicago: Ivan R. Dee, 1993)Google Scholar.

⁴ “Reconstructing British-American Colonial History,” 8, quoted in Encyclopedia, Vol. I, xxxi.

⁵ Encyclopedia, Vol. I, xxxi.

⁶ Encyclopedia, Vol. I, xxxii, xxxiii.

⁷ Encyclopedia, Vol. I, 247–48 and 265–67.

⁸ Greene, Jack P., Pursuits of Happiness: The Social Development of Early Modern British Colonies and the Formation of American Culture (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1988)Google Scholar and “Interpretive Frameworks: The Quest for Intellectual Order in Early American History,” William and Mary Quarterly 48 (1991), 515–30CrossRefGoogle Scholar; Bailyn, Bernard, The Peopling of North America: An Introduction (London: I. B. Tauris, 1987)Google Scholar; Meinig, D. W., The Shaping of America: A Geographical Perspective on 500 Years of History, Vol. I: Atlantic America, 1492–1800 (New Haven: Yale U. P., 1986)Google Scholar; and Fischer, David Hackett, Albion's Seed: Four British Folkways in America (New York: Oxford U. P., 1989)Google Scholar.

⁹ Bliss, , Revolution and Empire: English Politics and the American Colonies in the Seventeenth Century (Manchester: Manchester U. P., 1990)Google Scholar, McCusker, and Menard, , The Economy of British America, 1607–1789 rev. ed. (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1991)Google Scholar, Bushman, , The Refinement of America: Persons, Houses, Cities (New York: Knopf, 1992)Google Scholar, Shammas, , The Pre-Industrial Consumer in England and America (Oxford: Clarendon, 1990)Google Scholar and Wood, , The Radicalism of the American Revolution (New York: Knopf, 1992)Google Scholar.

¹⁰ Horn, , Adapting to a New World: English Society in the Seventeenth-Century Chesapeake (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1994)Google Scholar; McFarlane, , The British in the Americas, 1480–1815 (London: Longman, 1994)Google Scholar. Horn offers a useful conceptualization of early “American” history in his “Introduction” (pp. 1–16) where, by the way, he joins the ranks of those citing Greene's and Pole's 1984 essay.

¹¹ Canny, N. P., The Elizabethan Conquest of Ireland: A Pattern Established, 1565–1576 (Hassocks, Sussex, and New York: Harvester Press, 1976)Google Scholar and ‘The Permissive Frontier: The Problem of Social Control in English Settlements in Ireland and Virginia, 1550–1650,’ in Andrews, K. R., Canny, N. P., and Hair, P. E. H., eds., The Westward Enterprise: English Activities in Ireland, the Atlantic, and America, 1480–1650 (Detroit: Wayne State University Press, 1979), 17–44Google Scholar.

¹² Encyclopedia, Vol. I, 83–94, 511–32.

¹³ Wood, , Radicalism, 95–109Google Scholar; Greene, , Peripheries and Center: Constitutional Development in the Extended Polities of the British Empire and the United States, 1607–1788 (Athens: University of Georgia Press, 1986), 42–8Google Scholar.

¹⁴ Elliott, J. H., “Introduction: Colonial Identity in the Atlantic World,” in Canny, N. P. and Pagden, Anthony, eds., Colonial Identity in the Atlantic World, 1500–1800 (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1987), 3–4Google Scholar.

¹⁵ See for instance Canny and Pagden, eds., Colonial Identity and Altman, Ida and Horn, James, eds., To Make America: European Emigration in the Early Modern Period (Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press, 1991)Google Scholar. One area in which interimperial comparisons are being made is in language or literature based studies of the Euro-American encounter. See Hulme, Peter, Colonial Encounters: Europe and the Native Caribbean, 1492–1797 (London: Methuen, 1986)Google Scholar; Cheyfitz, Eric, The Poetics of Imperialism: Translation and Colonization from The Tempest to Tarzan (New York: Oxford U. P., 1991)Google Scholar; Boucher, Philip P., Cannibal Encounters: Europeans and Island Caribs, 1492–1763 (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins, 1992)Google Scholar; and Pagden, Anthony, European Encounters with the New World: From Renaissance to Romanticism (New Haven: Yale, 1993)Google Scholar.

¹⁶ Encylopedia, Vol. I, 245–447. Note especially Bruce Daniels' general essay on “Local Government,” 341–62.

¹⁷ Thomas, M. Halsey, ed., The Diary of Samuel Sewall, 1674–1729 (2 vols, New York: Farrar, 1973), I, 162–3, 206–7, 211Google Scholar.

¹⁸ See Lockridge, Kenneth A., A New England Town: The First Hundred Years (New York: Norton 1970)Google Scholar; Greven, Philip, Four Generations: Population, Land, and Family, in Colonial Andover, Massachusetts (Ithaca: Cornell U. P., 1970)Google Scholar; and Allen, David Grayson, In English Ways: The Movement of Societies and the Transferal of English Local Law and Custom to Massachusetts Bay in the Seventeenth Century (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1981)Google Scholar. See also Carl, and Bridenbaugh, Roberta, No Peace Beyond the Line: The English in the Caribbean, 1624–1690 (New York and Oxford: Oxford U. P., 1972)Google Scholar; Dunn, Richard S., Sugar and Slaves: The Rise of the Planter Class in the English West Indies, 1624–1713 (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina, 1972)Google Scholar, and Morgan, Edmund S., American Slavery, American Freedom: The Ordeal of Colonial Virginia (New York: Norton, 1975)Google Scholar. Among the few who challenged this consensus, Darrett Rutman questioned his colleagues about the “idea” of New England and Wesley Frank Craven sturdily insisted on the autonomy of southern colonial history. See Rutman, 's “God's Bridge Falling Down: ‘Another Approach’ to New England Puritanism Assayed,” WMQ 3rd ser., 20 (1963), 408–21Google Scholar and his reflective “New England as Idea and Society Revisited,” WMQ 3rd ser., 41 (1984), 56–61CrossRefGoogle Scholar. Craven, 's excellent The Southern Colonies in the Seventeenth Century (Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1970)Google Scholar was first published in 1949 and now seems very current.

¹⁹ See Murrin, 's review of Green's Pursuits of Happiness, “The Irrelevance and Relevance of Colonial New England,” Reviews in American History 18 (1990), 177–84CrossRefGoogle Scholar; editors' “Introduction” and Horn, James, “Adapting to a New World: A Comparative Study of Local Society in England and Maryland, 1650–1700,” in Carr, Lois Green, Morgan, Philip D., and Russo, Jean B., eds., Colonial Chesapeake Society (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1988), 3, 133–75Google Scholar; Rutman, Darrett B. and Rutman, Anita H., A Place in Time: I: Middlesex County, Virginia, 1650–1750 and II: Explicatus (New York: Norton, 1984)Google Scholar; Perry, James R., The Formation of a Society on Virginia's Eastern Shore, 1615–1655 (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1990)Google Scholar; Carr, Lois Green, Menard, Russell R., and Walsh, Lorena S., Robert Cole's World: Agriculture and Society in Early Maryland (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1991)Google Scholar; and Martin, John Frederick, Profits in the Wilderness: Entrepreneurship and the Founding of New England Towns in the Seventeenth Century (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1991)Google Scholar.

²⁰ Meinig, , Atlantic America, 352–3 and passimGoogle Scholar.

²¹ Greene, , Pursuits, 30–35, 38–46Google Scholar. See also Brenner, Robert, Merchants and Revolution: Commercial Change, Political Conflict, and London's Overseas Traders, 1550–1653 (Cambridge: Cambridge U. P., 1993), 3–5, 51–2, 66–74Google Scholar, and Chapters III and V, passim. On the critical reception of Fischer's Albion's Seed see especially the “Forum” discussion in W&MQ 3rd ser., 48 (1991), 223–308Google Scholar, with contributions by Jack P. Greene, Virginia De John Anderson, James Horn, Barry Levy, Ned C. Landsman, and Fischer himself.

²² See Wilson, Adrian, ed., Rethinking Social History: English Society, 1570–1920, and Its Interpretation (Manchester: Manchester University Press, 1993)Google Scholar, including Wilson's own essay “A Critical Portrait of Social History,” esp. 24-9, and Keith Wrightson, “The Enclosure of English Social History,” esp. 64-6.

²³ See for instance James Horn's suggestive comments on English people's decisions to emigrate to America, migrate internally, or stay put, in “Repeopling the Land: British and Dutch,” Encyclopedia, Vol. II, 306–7 and 311–13Google Scholar.