Hostname: page-component-5c6d5d7d68-sv6ng Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-08-29T09:23:38.271Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Licensing Leisure: The Chinese Nationalists' Attempt to Regulate Shanghai, 1927–49

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  26 March 2010

Get access

Abstract

Shanghai has often been called the Paris of the Orient. This is only half true. Shanghai has all the vices of Paris and more but boasts of none of its cultural influences. The municipal orchestra is uncertain of its future, and the removal of the city library to its new premises has only shattered our hopes for better reading facilities. The Royal Asiatic Society has been denied all support from the Council for the maintenance of its library, which is the only center for research in this metropolis. It is therefore no wonder that men and women, old or young, poor or rich, turn their minds to mischief and lowly pursuits of pleasure, and the laxity of police regulations has aggravated the situation.

Type
Coping with Shanghai: Means to Survival and Success in the Early Twentieth Century—A Symposium
Copyright
Copyright © The Association for Asian Studies, Inc. 1995

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

List of References

Argus, . China Weekly Review. 1941. “Motives Behind the Reorganization of the Puppet Government,” September 6.Google Scholar
Beijing shi gonganju, Da shiji [Major chronicle]. 1986. Beijing: Gonganbu.Google Scholar
Bourne, K. M. 1939. Memorandum to C. Akagi, enclosure in Shanghai depatch to Embassy, Shanghai, 635, 22/11/1939, dated November 16, 1939, in British Foreign Office Records. London: Her Majesty's Public Record Office, F1006, September 2, 1940, F0371-24682.Google Scholar
Browning, Michael. 1987. “Mirrors Reflect Racy Past of Chinese Den of Iniquity.” The Miami Herald, March 22:25a.Google Scholar
Cai, Dejin. 1987. Wang Jingwei ping zhuan [Critical biography of Wang Jingwei]. Chengdu: Sichuan renmin chubanshe.Google Scholar
Carney, Sanders. 1980. Foreign Devils Had Light Eyes: A Memoir of Shanghai, 1933-1939 Ontario: Dorset Publishing.Google Scholar
Carte, Gene E., and Carte, Elaine H. 1975. Police Reform in the United States: The Era of August Vollmer, 1905-1932. Berkeley: University of California Press.Google Scholar
Central China Daily News. 1936. “The Anniversary of the Assumption of Office by the Late Dr. Sun Yat-sen and the Canton Government,” April 5- Translated in Shanghai Municipal Police (International Settlement) Files. Microfilms from the U.S. National Archives, D-7333.Google Scholar
The China Critic. 1937. “Shanghai's Housing Report.” Shanghai: 17.2:34. Also issues of October 30, 1930; June 27, 1935; April 1, 1937.Google Scholar
China Weekly Review. 1941. “Wang's Moral Crusade Short-Lived; Police Permit Gamblers to Resume Operations,” June 28:108. “Wave of Local Terror Rises as Gunmen Kill Chinese Banker Here,” August 23:361. Also issues of June 1, July 13, August 20, 1929; February 22, July 19, 1930; September 26, 1931; January 26, 1935; July 12, 26, August 2, 1941.Google Scholar
Clifford, Nicholas R. 1988. “The Western Powers and the ‘Shanghai Question’ in the National Revolution of the 1920s.” Paper given at the International Symposium on Modern Shanghai, Shanghai Academy of Social Sciences, September 7-14.Google Scholar
Coates, Austin. 1983. China Races. Hong Kong: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Cressey, Paul G. 1932. The Taxi-Dance Hall: A Sociological Study in Commercialized Recreation and City Life. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar
Finch, Percy. 1953. Shanghai and Beyond. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons.Google Scholar
Fischer, Claude S. 1975. “Toward a Subcultural Theory of Urbanism.” American Journal of Sociology 80. 6:1319–41.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fu, Po-Shek. 1989. “Passivity, Resistance, and Collaboration: Intellectual Choices in Occupied Shanghai, 1937-1945.” Ph.D. diss., Stanford University.Google Scholar
Game Well, Mary Ninde. 1916. The Gateway to China: Pictures of Shanghai. New York: Fleming H. Revell Co.Google Scholar
Green, O. M., ed. 1927. Shanghai of Today: A Souvenir Album of Thirty-Eight Vandyke Prints of the “Model Settlement.” Shanghai: Kelly and Walsh, Ltd.Google Scholar
Han, M. K. 1932. “French Colonial Policy in China as Reflected in the Shanghai French Concession.” The China Weekly Review, January 23:239Google Scholar
Hauser, Ernest O. 1940. Shanghai: City for Sale. New York: Harcourt, Brace and Co.Google Scholar
Henriot, Christian. 1983. “Le gouvernement municipal de Shanghai, 1927-1937.” Thàse pour le doctorat de 3àmá cycle presente a l'Universitá de la Sorbonne Nouvelle (Paris III), Juin.Google Scholar
Hershatter, Gail. 1988. “Prostitution in Shanghai, 1919-1949.” Paper given at the International Symposium on Modern Shanghai, Shanghai Academy of Social Sciences, September 7-14.Google Scholar
Hershatter, Gail. 1989. “The Hierarchy of Shanghai Prostitution, 1870-1949.” Modern China 15. 4:463–98.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hershatter, Gail. 1992. “Regulating Sex in Shanghai: The Reform of Prostitution in 1920 and 1951.” In Frederic, Wakeman Jr., and Wen-hsin, Yeh, eds. Shanghai Sojourners, pp. 145185. Berkeley: Institute of East Asian Studies.Google Scholar
Honig, Emily. 1982. “Women Cotton Mill Workers in Shanghai, 1919-1949.” Ph.D. diss., Stanford University.Google Scholar
Hunter, Neale. 1973. “The Chinese League of Left-Wing Writers, Shanghai, 1930-1936.” Ph.D. thesis, Australian National University.Google Scholar
Isaacs, Harold R., ed. 1932. Five Years of Kuomintang Reaction. Shanghai: China Forum Publishing Company.Google Scholar
Kaufman, Peter. 1982. “The Film Street Angel: A Study in Camouflaged Dissent.” History seminar paper, University of California, Berkeley.Google Scholar
Ke, Zhaojin. 1985. “‘Great World’ a Must for Amusement Seekers.China Daily, April 27:5.Google Scholar
Lethbridge, H. J., intro. 1983 (1934-35). All About Shanghai: A Standard Guidebook. Hong Kong: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Liu, Guangqing. 1988. “Kangzhan hou de Shanghai jinyan” [The suppression of opium in Shanghai after the War of Resistance]. In Shen, Feide, et al., eds., Jiu Shanghai de yan du chang [Old Shanghai's drugs, gambling, prostitution]. Shanghai: Baijia chubanshe.Google Scholar
Ma, Jun. 1988. “Gudao shiqi de Hu xi daitu” [Island Shanghai's western badlands]. In Shen, Feide, et al., eds., Jiu Shanghai de yan du chang [Old Shanghai's drugs, gambling, prostitution]. Shanghai: Baijia chubanshe.Google Scholar
Mao, Xiaocen. 1963. “Jiu Shanghai de da duku—huili qiuchang” [A big gambling den of old Shanghai—the Jailai fronton]. In Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference, Shanghai weiyuanhui, Wenshi ziliao gongzuo weiyuanhui, comps. Wenshi ziliao xuanji (Shanghai) [Selections of historical materials (Shanghai)], fascicle 15. Shanghai: Zhonghua shuju.Google Scholar
Martin, Brian G. 1992. “‘The Pact with the Devil’: The Relationship between the Green Gang and the French Concession Authorities, 1925–1935.” In Frederic, Wakeman Jr., and Yeh, Wen-hsin, eds., Shanghai Sojourners, pp. 266304. Berkeley: Institute for East Asian Studies.Google Scholar
Mccormick, Elsie. 1923. Audacious Angles on China. New York: D. Appleton and Company.Google Scholar
Meng, C. Y. W. 1929a. “A Tale of Two Cities.” The China Weekly Review, July 27:420.Google Scholar
Meng, C. Y. W. 1929b. “The ‘Hwa Hui’ Gambling Evil.” The China Weekly Review, January 19:334.Google Scholar
North China Daily News, cited in Zhou 1981.Google Scholar
North China Herald. Shanghai: January 13, December 16, 1931.Google Scholar
Pal, John. 1963. Shanghai Saga. London: Jarrolds.Google Scholar
Pan, Ling. 1982. In Search of Old Shanghai. Hong Kong: Joint Publishing Company.Google Scholar
Parssinen, Terry M., and Meyer, Kathryn B. N. d. “International Narcotics Trafficking in the Early Twentieth Century: Development of an Illicit Industry.” Unpublished paper.Google Scholar
Rowe, William T. 1989. Hankow: Conflict and Community in a Chinese City, 1796-1895. Stanford: Stanford University Press.Google Scholar
Rowe, William T. 1990. “The Public Sphere in Modern China.” Modern China 16. 3:309–29.Google Scholar
Scott, A. C. 1982. Actors Are Madmen. Notebook of a Theatregoer in China. Madison: The University of Wisconsin Press.Google Scholar
Shanghai. 1941. “Shanghai Mayor Keeps His Promise to the Public.” Shanghai: Metropolitan Publishing Company, July 1.3:3–4.Google Scholar
Shanghai Municipal Council. 1938. Report for the Year 1937 and Budget for the Year 1938. Shanghai: North China Daily News and North China Herald.Google Scholar
Shanghai Municipal Police (International Settlement) Files. Microfilms from the U.S. National Archives.Google Scholar
Shanghai shi gonganju, Jingcha changshi huibian [Compilation of general knowledge about the police]. 1937. Shanghai Municipal Archives, Microfilm No. 1-2660-895.24.Google Scholar
Shanghai shi gonganju yewu baogao, 1930 [Shanghai Municipality Public Security Bureau report of affairs, 1930]. 1930. Shanghai: Shanghai Municipal Public Security Bureau.Google Scholar
Shanghai shi gonganju yewu baogao, 1931 [Shanghai Municipality Public Security Bureau report of affairs, 1931]. 1931. Shanghai: Shanghai Municipal Public Security Bureau.Google Scholar
Shanghai tebie shi gonganju yewu jiyao, Minguo shiliu nian ba yue zhi shiqi nian qi yue [Summary of the affairs of the Shanghai Special Municipality Public Security Bureau from August 1927 to July 1928]. 1928. Shanghai: Shanghai Municipal Public Security Bureau.Google Scholar
Shanghai Times. 1931. Cited in Isaacs, Harold R., ed., Five Years of Kuomintang Reaction:11.Google Scholar
Shanghai Times. 1936. In Shanghai Municipal Police (International Settlement) Files, D7675A, December 29, 1936.Google Scholar
Shenbao. Shanghai: July 4, 7, 8, 12, 1927.Google Scholar
Shen, Yi. 1970. “Shanghai shi gongwuju shi nian” [Ten years in the Shanghai Municipal Bureau of Works]. Zhuanji wenxue 70. 2:1118.Google Scholar
Spence, Jonathan D. 1981. The Gate of Heavenly Peace: The Chinese and Their Revolution, 1895-1980. New York: Viking Press.Google Scholar
Sun, Guoqun. 1988. “Lun jiu Shanghai changji zhidu de fazhan he tedian” [On the development and characteristics of the prostitute system in old Shanghai]. Paper given at the International Symposium on Modern Shanghai, Shanghai Academy of Social Sciences, September 7-14.Google Scholar
Tang, Zhenchang, et al., eds. 1989. Shanghai shi [History of Shanghai]. Shanghai: Shanghai renmin chubanshe.Google Scholar
Tu, Shipin, ed. 1948. Shanghai shi daguan [Overview of Shanghai city]. Shanghai: Zhongguo tushu zazhi gongsi.Google Scholar
Wakeman, Frederic Jr. 1988. “Policing Modern Shanghai.” China Quarterly 115:408–40.Google Scholar
Wakeman, Frederic Jr. 1994. “The Shanghai Badlands: Wartime Terrorism and Urban Crime.” Paper given at the Conference on National Identity and State Formation, Institute of Modern History, Academia Sinica, Nan-kang, January 12-14.Google Scholar
Wang, Min, et al., eds. 1981. Shanghai xuesheng yundong da shi ji [Record of major events of the Shanghai student movement]. Shanghai: Xuelin.Google Scholar
Wasserstein, Bernard. 1994. “Collaboration in Wartime Shanghai.” Paper given at the annual meeting of the American Historical Association, San Francisco, January 9.Google Scholar
Wasserstrom, Jeffrey. 1988. “Student Protest in Shanghai.” Ph.D. thesis, University of California, Berkeley.Google Scholar
Westley, Willliam A. 1970. Violence and the Police: A Sociological Study of Law, Custom and Morality. Cambridge, Mass., and London, England: The MIT Press.Google Scholar
Wilson, James O. 1976. Varieties of Police Behavior: The Management of Law and Order in Eight Communities. New York: Atheneum.Google Scholar
Wren, Christopher S. 1982. “Once-Wicked Shanghai Is a Puritan Port of Call.” New York Times, November 5:4.Google Scholar
Wu, Tiecheng. 1933. “Greater Shanghai: Its Present and Future.” People's Tribune, 3. 11:403, January 1. Cited in Henriot 1983.Google Scholar
Wu Yü, Liang Licheng, and Wang, Daozhi. 1988. Minguo hei shehui [Black society of the Republic]. Jiangsu: Jiangsu guji chubanshe.Google Scholar
Wu, Zude. 1988. “Jiu Shanghai de da huahui” [Playing huahui in old Shanghai]. In Shen, Feide, et al., eds., Jiu Shanghai de yan du chang [Old Shanghai's drugs, gambling, prostitution]. Shanghai: Baijia chubanshe.Google Scholar
Xia, Yan. 1978. Baoshen gong [Collected works].Google Scholar
Xin, Zhonghua zazhi she, eds., 1934. Shanghai de jianglai [The Future of Shanghai]. Shanghai: Zhonghua shuju.Google Scholar
Xu, Huifang and Qingyu, Liu. 1932. “Shanghai nüxing fan de shehui fenxi” [A social analysis of female crime in Shanghai]. Dalu zazhi 1. 4:7984.Google Scholar
Xu, Zhucheng. 1982. Du Yuesheng zhengzhuan [A straightforward biography of Du Yuesheng]. Hangzhou: Xinhua shudian.Google Scholar
Yang, Jiezeng and Wannan, He. 1988. Shanghai changqi gaizao shihua [A history of the reform of Shanghai prostitutes]. Shanghai: Shanghai sanlian shudian.Google Scholar
Yeh, Wen-Hsin. 1987. “The Liu Geqing Affair: Heroism in the Chinese Secret Service during the War of Resistance.” Paper presented to the Regional Seminar, Center for Chinese Studies, University of California, Berkeley, March 21.Google Scholar
Yen, Ching-Yueh. 1934. “Crime in Relation to Social Change in China.” Ph.D. diss., University of Chicago.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zhang, Kaimin, ed. 1989. Shanghai renkou qianyi yanjiu [Research on Shanghai population migration]. Shanghai: Shanghai shehui kexue yuan chubanshe.Google Scholar
Zhang, Xinxin and Ye, Sang. 1986. Chinese Profiles. Beijing: Panda Books.Google Scholar
Zhongyang ribao. Translated in Shanghai Municipal Police (International Settlement) Files, D-7333, May 4, 1936.Google Scholar
Zhou, Erfu. 1981. Morning in Shanghai, Barnes, A. C., trans. Beijing: Foreign Languages Press.Google Scholar