Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-8ctnn Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-25T09:04:49.518Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Rebellion and Revolution: The Study of Popular Movements in Chinese History

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  23 March 2011

Frederick Wakeman Jr.
Get access

Extract

During the past twenty-five years, hundreds of studies of Chinese peasant rebellions have appeared in print. Most of these were published in the People's Republic of China, where they represented an effort to create a new revolutionary history of class struggle, intended to replace the elite history written by Confucian historiographers under the empire. Embodying Mao Tse-tung's belief that “the ruthless economic exploitations and political oppression of the peasantry by the landlord class forced the peasants to rise repeatedly in revolt against its rule” (Mao 1961, Vol. III, p. 75), these studies of popular uprisings describe a bewildering variety of social phenomena.

Type
Articles
Information
The Journal of Asian Studies , Volume 36 , Issue 2 , February 1977 , pp. 201 - 237
Copyright
Copyright © The Association for Asian Studies, Inc. 1977

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Ahern, Emily M. 1973. The Cult of the Dead in a Chinese Village, Stanford: Stanford Univ. Press.Google Scholar
Befu, Harumi. 1965. “Village Autonomy and Articulation with the State,” Journal of Asian Studies [hereafter JAS], XXV, pp. 19–32.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Befu, Harumi 1967. “The Political Relation of the Village to the State,” World Politics, XIX, pp. 601–20.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Benton, Gregor. 1975. “The ‘Second Wang Ming Line,’” China Quarterly [hereafter CQ], LXI, pp. 61–94.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bianco, Lucien. 1972. “Secret Societies and Peasant Self-Defense, 1921—1933,” in Chesneaux 1972, pp. 213–44.Google Scholar
Bianco, Lucien 1975. “Peasants and Revolution: The Case of China,” Journal of Peasant Studies [hereafter JPS], II, pp. 313–35.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bimi shehui congkan (Collectanea of studies on Chinese secret societies), 1975, Taibei, Series 1 and 2.Google Scholar
Bix, Herbert P. 1972. “Japanese Imperialism and the Manchurian Economy 1900–1931,” CQ, LI, pp. 425–43.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Blok, Anton. 1972. “The Peasant and the Brigand: Social Banditry Reconsidered,” Comparative Studies in Society and History [hereafter CSSH], XIV, pp. 494–503.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Blok, Anton 1974. The Mafia of a Sicilian Village, 1860–1960: A Study of Violent Peasant Entrepreneurs, New York: Harper & Row.Google Scholar
Bodde, Derk, and Morris, Clarence. 1973. Law in Imperial China Exemplified by 190 Ch'ing Dynasty Cases, Philadelphia: Univ. of Pennsylvania Press.Google Scholar
Buck, J. L. 1937. Land Utilization in China, 1964 reprint, New York: Paragon Book Co.Google Scholar
Chan, Hok-lam. 1969. “The White Lotus-Maitreya Doctrine and Popular Uprisings in Ming and Ch'ing China,” Sinologica, Separatum 10.4: pp. 211–33.Google Scholar
Chang Ch'en, Fu-mei. 1975. “Local Control of Convicted Thieves in Eighteenth-Century China,” in Wakeman, F. Jr and Grant, Carolyn (eds.), Conflict and Control in Late Imperial China [hereafter CCLIC], Berkeley: Univ. of California Press, pp. 121–42.Google Scholar
Chao, Wei-pang. 1948. “Secret Religious Societies in North China in the Ming Dynasty,” Folklore Studies, VII, pp. 95–115.Google Scholar
Chen, Han-seng. 1936. Agrarian Problems in Southernmost China, Shanghai: Kelly & Walsh.Google Scholar
Chen, Han-seng 1945. The Chinese Peasant. Oxford: Oxford Univ. Press.Google Scholar
Ch'en, Jerome. 1970. “Rebels Between Rebellions—Secret Societies in the Novel, P'eng Kung An,” JAS, XXIX, pp. 807–22.Google Scholar
Cheng, Ying. 1962. Zhongguo jindai fan di fan fengjian lishigeyao xuan (Selected anti-imperialist and anti-feudal songs and chants from modern Chinese history), Beijing: Renmin chuban she.Google Scholar
Chesneaux, Jean. 1970. (Ed. with Davis, Feiling and Ho, Nguyen Nguyet), Mouvements populaires et sociétés secretes en Chine aux XIXe et XXe siècles [hereafter MP], Paris: François Maspero.Google Scholar
Chesneaux, Jean 1972. (revised trans, of MP), Popular Movements and Secret Societies in China, 1840–1950 [hereafter MP], Stanford: Stanford Univ. Press.Google Scholar
Chesneaux, Jean 1973. Peasant Revolts in China, 1840–1949, (trans., Curwen, C. A.), London: Thames & Hudson.Google Scholar
Chu, Richard Yung-deh. 1967. “An Introductory Study of the White Lotus Sect in Chinese History,” Columbia Ph.D. diss.Google Scholar
Cohen, Paul A. 1963. China and Christianity: The Missionary Movement and the Growth of Chinese Antiforeignism, 1860–1870, Cambridge: Harvard Univ. Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cohn, Norman. 1961. The Pursuit of the Millennium, New York: Harper Torchbooks.Google Scholar
Cole, James Hillard. 1975. “Shaohsing: Studies in Ch'ing Social History,” Stanford Ph.D. diss.Google Scholar
Curwen, Charles A. 1974. “Peasants Speak. China: Two Tales about Agricultural Labourers,” JPS, I, p. 99.Google Scholar
Dai, Xuanzhi. 1963. I he quan yanjiu (A study of the Righteous and Harmonious Fists), Taibei: Commercial Press.Google Scholar
Dai, Xuanzhi 1973. Hong qiang hui (The Red Spear society), Taibei: Zhongyang wenwu gongying she.Google Scholar
Dardess, John W. 1970. “The Transformations of Messianic Revolt and the Founding of the Ming Dynasty,” JAS, XXIX, pp. 539–58.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Davis, Feiling. 1970. “Le rôle économique et social des sociétés secrètes,” in MP, pp. 44–64.Google Scholar
De Groot, J. J. M. 1901. Sectarianism and Religious Persecution in China: A Page in the History of Religions, Leiden: E. J. Brill.Google Scholar
Delioussine, Lev. 1970. “La société Yiguandao et sa suppression par les autorités de Chine populaire,” in MP, pp. 421–34.Google Scholar
Dittrich, Scott R., and Myers, Ramon H. 1971. “Resource Allocation in Traditional Agriculture: Republic of China, 1937–1940,” Journal of Political Economy, LXXIX, pp. 887–96.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dorris, Carl E. 1975. “People's War in North China: Resistance in the Shansi-Chahar-Hopeh Border Region, 1938–1945,” Univ. of Kansas Ph.D. diss.Google Scholar
Dorris, Carl E. 1976a. “Alternatives to Revolution—The Class Line in thejiangxi Soviet and the Mass Line of Yanan Communism,” paper at AAS meetings (Toronto).Google Scholar
Dorris, Carl E 1976b. “Peasant Mobilization in North China and the Origins of Yenan Communism,” forthcoming in CQ.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dunstan, Helen. 1975. “The Late Ming Epidemics: A Preliminary Survey,” Ch'ing-shih wen-t'i [hereafter CSWT], III, 3, pp. 1–59.Google Scholar
Eberhard, Wolfram. 1965. Conquerors and Rulers: Social Forces in Medieval China, 2nd ed., Leiden: E. J. Brill.Google Scholar
Eliade, Mircea. 1964. Shamanism: Archaic Techniques of Ecstasy, New York: Pantheon.Google Scholar
Elvin, Mark. 1973. The Pattern of the Chinese Past, London: Eyre Methuen.Google Scholar
Elvin, Mark. 1975. “On Water Control and Management during the Ming and Ch'ing Periods,” CSWT, III, 3, pp. 82–103.Google Scholar
Esherick, Joseph Jr. 1972. “Harvard on China: The Apologetics of Imperialism,” Bulletin of Concerned Asian Scholars [hereafter BCAS], IV, 4, pp. 9–16.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Esherick, Joseph Jr. 1976a. “1911, A Review,” Modern China [hereafter MC], II, pp. 141–84.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Esherick, Joseph Jr. 1976b. Reform and Revolution in China: The 1911 Revolution in Hunan and Hubei, Berkeley: Univ. of California Press.Google Scholar
Feuerwerker, Albert. 1975. Rebellion in Nineteenth-Century China, Ann Arbor: Univ. of Michigan Center for Chinese Studies.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fletcher, Joseph. 1974. “China's Northwest at the Time of the Ming-Ch'ing Transition,” paper at ACLS Conference on the Ming-Ch'ing Transition (Palm Springs) [hereafter ACLS Conference].Google Scholar
Foster, George M. 1967. “Peasant Society and the Image of Limited Good,” in Potter, Jack M., Diaz, May N., and Foster, G. M. (eds.), Peasant Society: A Reader, Boston: Little, Brown, pp. 300–23.Google Scholar
Friedman, Edward. 1974a. Backward toward Revolution: The Chinese Revolutionary Party, Berkeley: Univ. of California Press.Google Scholar
Friedman, Edward 1974b. “Primitive Rebel versus Modern Revolutionary: A Case of Mistaken Identity?” paper at AAS meetings (Boston).Google Scholar
Fu, Yiling. 1961. Ming Qing nongcun shehui jingji (Rural society and economy in the Ming and Qing), Peking: Xinhua shudian.Google Scholar
Gamble, Sidney D. 1970. Chinese Village Plays from the Ting Hsien Region (Yang Ke Hsüan): A Collection of Forty-Eight Chinese Rural Plays as Staged by Villagers from Ting Hsien in Northern China, Amsterdam: Philo Press.Google Scholar
Gibson, Carol. 1975. “The Suppression of the I-kuan Tao,” paper at Univ. of California-Berkeley Chinese History Seminar [hereafter Berkeley Seminar].Google Scholar
Gillin, Donald G. 1964. “Peasant Nationalism in the History of Chinese Communism—Chalmers A. Johnson, Peasant Nationalism and Communist Power,” JAS, XXIII, pp. 269–89.Google Scholar
Grove, Linda. 1975a. “Creating a Northern Soviet,” MC, I, pp. 243–370.Google Scholar
Grove, Linda 1975b. “Rural Society in Revolution: the Gaoyang District, 1910–1947,” Univ. of California-Berkeley Ph.D. diss.Google Scholar
Guan, Fuquan. 1962. “Lun liang Song nongmin zhanzheng” (Concerning the peasant wars of the Northern and Southern Song), Lishi yanjiu (Historical research) [hereafter LY], II, pp. 79–96.Google Scholar
Gunde, Richard. 1976. “Land Tax and Social Change in Sichuan, 1925–1935,“ MC, II, pp. 23–48.Google Scholar
Harrison, James P. 1969. The Communists and Chinese Peasant Rebellions: A Study in the Rewriting of Chinese History, New York: Atheneum.Google Scholar
Harrison, James P 1972. The Long March to Power: A History of the Chinese Communist Party, 1921–1972, New York: Praeger.Google Scholar
Hatada, Takashi. 1973. Chugoku sonraku to kyodotai riron (Chinese villages and theories of cooperative systems), Tokyo: Iwanami shoten.Google Scholar
Hatano, Yoshihiro. 1951. “Taihei Tengoku ni kansuru nisan no mondai ni tsuite” (On certain problems relating to the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom), Rekishigaku kenkyu (Historical research) CL, pp. 32–42.Google Scholar
He, Xiya. 1925. Zhongguo daofei wenti zhi yanjiu (Study of the problem of Chinese banditry), Shanghai: Taidong tushu ju.Google Scholar
Hinton, William. 1966. Fanshen: A Documentary of Revolution in a Chinese Village, New York: Random House.Google Scholar
Hobsbawm, E. J. 1963. Primitive Rebels, Studies in Archaic Forms of Social Movement in the 19th and 20th Centuries, 2nd ed., New York: Praeger.Google Scholar
Hobsbawm, E. J. 1969. Bandits, London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson.Google Scholar
Hobsbawm, E. J. 1972. “Social Bandits: Reply,” CSSH, XIV, pp. 503–05.Google Scholar
Hofheinz, Roy Mark Jr. 1966. “The Peasant Movement and Rural Revolution: Chinese Communists in the Countryside (1923–1927),” Harvard Ph.D. diss.Google Scholar
Hofheinz, Roy Mark Jr. 1967. “The Autumn Harvest Insurrection,” CQ, XXXII, pp. 37–87.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hofheinz, Roy Mark Jr. 1969. “The Ecology of Chinese Communist Success: Rural Influence Patterns, 1923–1945,” in Barnett, A. Doak (ed.), Chinese Communist Politics in Action, Seattle: Univ. of Washington Press, pp. 3–77.Google Scholar
Hou, Chi-ming. 1965. Foreign Investment and Economic Development in China, 1840–1937, Cambridge: Harvard Univ. Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hou, Wailu. 1959. Zhongguo lidai datong lixiang (The Chinese historical ideal of the great harmony), Peking: Kexue chuban she.Google Scholar
Hsiao, Kung-chuan. 1967. Rural China: Imperial China in the Nineteenth Century, Seattle: Univ. of Washington Press.Google Scholar
Hsieh, Winston. 1972. “Triads, Salt Smugglers, and Local Uprisings: Observations on the Social and Economic Background of the Waichow Revolution of 1911,” in PM, pp. 144–64.Google Scholar
Hsieh, Winston 1974. “Peasant Insurrection and the Marketing Hierarchy in the Canton Delta, 1911,” in Elvin, M. and Skinner, G. W., The Chinese City Between Two Worlds [hereafter CCBTW], Stanford: Stanford Univ. Press, pp. 119–42.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hsieh, Winston 1975. Chinese Historiography and the Revolution of 1911, Stanford: Hoover Institution Press.Google Scholar
Hua, Shan. 1955. “Nan Song chu de Fan Ruwei qiyi” (The Uprising of Fan Ruwei in the early Southern Song), Wen shi zhe (Literature, history, philosophy), IV, pp. 57–60.Google Scholar
Huang, Philip C. C. 1975a. “Analyzing the Twentieth-Century Chinese Countryside: Revolutionaries versus Western Scholarship,” MC, I, pp. 132–60.Google Scholar
Huang, Philip C. C. 1975b. “Mao Tse-tung and the Middle Peasants, 1925–1928,” MC, I, pp. 271–96.Google Scholar
Hucker, Charles O. 1971. Two Studies on Ming History, Ann Arbor: Univ. of Michigan Center for Chinese Studies.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Inkeles, Alex, and Smith, David H. 1974.Becoming Modern: Individual Change in Six Developing Countries, Cambridge: Harvard Univ. Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Israeli, Raphael. 1974. “The Relationship between Muslims and Han during the Ming and Qing Periods,” Univ. of California-Berkeley Ph.D. diss.Google Scholar
Iwao, Seüchi. 1958. “Li Tan, Chief of the Chinese Residents at Hirado, Japan in the Last Days of the Ming Dynasty,” Memoirs of the Research Department of the Toyo Bunko, XVII, pp. 27–83.Google Scholar
Jen, Yu-wen. 1946. Taiping tianguo Guangxi qiyi shi (History of the uprising of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom in Guangxi), Shanghai: Commercial Press.Google Scholar
Jen, Yu-wen 1973. The Taiping Revolutionary Movement (with editorial assistance by Adrienne Suddard), New Haven: Yale Univ. Press.Google Scholar
Johnson, Chalmers A. 1962. Peasant Nationalism and Communist Power: The Emergence of Revolutionary China, 1937–1945 [hereafter PNCP], Stanford: Stanford Univ. Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kao, Yu-kung. 1966. “Source Materials on the Fang La Rebellion,” Harvard Journal of Asiatic Studies, XXVI, pp. 211–40.Google Scholar
Kawabata, Genji. 1967. “Enforcement of Hsiang-kuan chih-tu System of Rural Officials, in the T'ai-p'ing t'ien-kuo and Its Background,” Acta Asiatica, Bulletin of the Institute of Eastern Culture, XII, pp. 42–69.Google Scholar
Kim, Ilpyong J. 1973. The Politics of Chinese Communism: Kiangsi under the Soviets, Berkeley: Univ. of California Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kroeber, Alfred. 1948. Anthropology, New York: Harcourt, Brace & World.Google Scholar
Kuhn, Philip A. 1966. “Review of I-ho-t'uan yen-chiu,” JAS, XXV, pp. 760–61.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kuhn, Philip A. 1970. Rebellion and Its Enemies in Late Imperial China: Militarization and Social Structure, 1796–1864, Cambridge: Harvard Univ. Press.Google Scholar
Kuhn, Philip A. 1975a. “‘Local Self-Government’ under the Republic: Problems of Control, Autonomy, and Mobilization,” in CCLIC, pp. 257–98.Google Scholar
Kuhn, Philip A. 1975b. “The Rise of Rebellion,” in Fairbank, John K. (ed.), Cambridge History of China, draft, Vol. VII, pp. 464–548.Google Scholar
Laai, Yi-faai. 1950. “The Parts Played by the Pirates of Kwangtung and Kwangsi Provinces during the T'ai-p'ing Insurrection,” Univ. of California-Berkeley Ph.D. diss.Google Scholar
Laffey, Ella S. 1976. “In the Wake of the Taipings: Some Patterns of Local Revolt in Kwangsi Province, 1850–1875,” Modern Asian Studies [hereafter MAS], X, pp. 65–81.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lao, Naixuan. 1970. Quan an san zhong (Three studies of the Boxers), reprint of 1899 edition, Taibei: Tailian guofeng chuban she.Google Scholar
Lerner, Elinor. 1974. “The Chinese Peasantry and Imperialism: A Critique of Chalmers Johnson's PNCP,- BCAS, VI, 2, pp. 43–56.Google Scholar
Levenson, Joseph R. 1964. Confucian China and Its Modern Fate, Vol. II: The Problem of Monarchical Decay, London: Routledge & Kegan Paul.Google Scholar
Lewis, John Wilson, and Hartford, Kathleen J. 1974. “Introduction,” in Lewis, J. W. (ed.), Peasant Rebellion and Communist Revolution in Asia [hereafter PRCRA], Stanford: Stanford Univ. Press, pp. 1–28.Google Scholar
Li, Dongshan. 1960. (Comp.), Nianjun geyao (Folk songs about the Nien Army), Shanghai: Wenyi chuban she.Google Scholar
Li, Wenzhi. 1948. Wan Ming min bian (Popular revolts of the late Ming), Shanghai: Zhonghua shuju.Google Scholar
Lieberthal, Kenneth. 1973. “The Suppression of Secret Societies in Post-Liberation Tientsin,” CQ, LIV, pp. 242–66.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Link, Perry. 1976. “Traditional-Style Popular Urban Fiction in the Teens and Twenties,” in Goldman, Merle (ed.), Modern Chinese Literature in the May Fourth Era, Cambridge: Harvard Univ. Press, (forthcoming), pp. 1–37.Google Scholar
Liu, Zhongli. 1962. “Ming mo jun tian kouhao zhiyi' de zhiyi ' (Doubts about “doubts about the slogan equalize the land' of the Late Ming”), LY, V, pp. 116–30.Google Scholar
Lötveit, Trygve. 1973. Chinese Communism, 1931–1934: Experience in Civil Government, Lund: Studentlitteratur.Google Scholar
Lu, Baoqian. 1975. Lun Ming Qing Liang Guang de Tiandihui zhengquan (An analysis of the rebel government of the Tiandihui in Guangdong and Guangxi), Taibei: Institute of Modern History, Academia Sinica.Google Scholar
Lü, Shiqiang. 1966. Zhongguo guanshen fanjiao de yuanyin, 1860–1874 (The causes of the anti-Christian movement among Chinese officials and gentry, 1860–1874), Taibei: Institute of Modern History, Academia Sinica.Google Scholar
Lubot, Eugene. 1973. “The Revisionist Perspective on Modern Chinese History,” JAS, XXXIII, pp. 93–98.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Luo, Ergang. 1951. Taiping tianguo shigao (Draft history of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom), Shanghai: Zhonghua shuju.Google Scholar
Luo, Ergang 1960. Taiping Tianguo shiwen xuan (Selected poems and prose of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom), Shanghai: Zhonghua shuju.Google Scholar
Macklin, Barbara Jane, and Crumrine, N. Ross. 1973. “Three North Mexican Folk Saint Movements,” CSSH, XV, pp. 89–105.Google Scholar
Mancall, Mark, and Jidkoff, Georges. 1972. “The Hung Hu-tzu of Northeast China,” in PM, pp. 125–34.Google Scholar
Mao, Tse-tung. 1954. Selected Works of Mao Tse-tung, New York: International Publishers.Google Scholar
Mao, Tse-tung 1961. Selected Works of Mao Tse-tung, Peking: Foreign Languages Press.Google Scholar
Matsuzaki, Tsuneko. 1974. “Kōkin no seijiteki sokumen” (Political aspects of the Yellow Turbans), Tōyōshi kenkyü Journal of oriental research) [hereafter TK], XXXII, 4, pp. 1–20.Google Scholar
McDonald, Angus. 1975. “The Hunan Peasant Movement: Its Urban Origins,” MC, I, pp. 180–203.Google Scholar
Metzger, Thomas A. 1974. “Chinese Bandits: The Traditional Perception Re-Evaluated,” JAS, XXXIII, pp. 455–58.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Michael, Franz. 1964. “Regionalism in Nineteenth-Century China,” in Stanley Spector, Li Hungchang and the Huai Army: A Study in Nineteenth-Century Chinese Regionalism, Seattle: Univ. of Washington Press, pp. xxi–xlii.Google Scholar
Migdal, Joel S. 1974. Peasants, Politics, and Revolution: Pressures toward Political and Social Change in the Third World, Princeton: Princeton Univ. Press.Google Scholar
Miyazaki, Ichisada. 1947. “Chūgoku kinsei no nōmin bōdō, toku ni Deng Maoqi no ran ni tsuite” (Peasant riots in modern Chinese history, with special reference to the Deng Maoqi incident), TK, X, 1, pp. 1–13.Google Scholar
Miyazaki, Ichisada 1950. Tōyōteki kinsei (The oriental modern period), Osaka: Kyōiku-Taimuzusha.Google Scholar
Miyazaki, Ichisada 1952. “Sōdai-igo no tochishoyō keitai” (Forms of landownership after the Sung period), TK, XII, 2, pp. 97–130.Google Scholar
Moore, Barrington Jr. 1966. Social Origins of Dictatorship and Democracy: Lord and Peasant in the Making of the Modern World, Boston: Beacon Press.Google Scholar
Mousnier, Roland. 1970. Peasant Uprisings in Seventeenth-Century France, Russia, and China, (trans., Pearce, Brian), New York: Harper & Row.Google Scholar
Muramatsu, Yūji. 1960. “Some Themes in Chinese Rebel Ideologies,” in Wright, Arthur F. (ed.), The Confucian Persuasion, Stanford: Stanford Univ. Press, pp. 241–67.Google Scholar
Muramatsu, Yūji 1966. “A Documentary Study of Chinese Landlordism in the Late Ch'ing and Early Republican Kiangnan,” Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies [hereafter BSOAS], XXIX, 3, pp. 1–43.Google Scholar
Muramatsu, Yūji 1970. Kindai Kōnan no sosan: Chūgoku jinushi seido no kenkyū (Landlord bursaries of the lower Yangtze delta region in recent times: studies of the Chinese landlord system), Tokyo: Tōkyō daigaku shuppankai.Google Scholar
Murphey, Rhoads. 1974. “The Treaty Ports and China's Modernization,” in CCBTW, pp. 17–72.Google Scholar
Myers, Ramon H. 1967. “Theory of Modern China's Agrarian Problem,” Chung Chi Journal [hereafter CCJ], VI, pp. 210–22.Google Scholar
Myers, Ramon H. 1968. “Review of Kindai chūgoku nōson shakaishi kenkyō (Studies of modern China's rural social history),” JAS, XXVIII, pp. 167–69.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Myers, Ramon H. 1969. “Land Distribution in Revolutionary China: 1890–1937,” CCJ, VIII, 2, pp. 62–77.Google Scholar
Myers, Ramon H. 1970. The Chinese Peasant Economy: Agricultural Development in Hopei and Shantung, 1890–1949, Cambridge: Harvard Univ. Press.Google Scholar
Myers, Ramon H. 1973. “Comment: Economic Development in Manchuria under Japanese Imperialism: A Dissenting View,” CQ, LV, pp. 547–59.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Myers, Ramon H. 1974a. “Transformations and Continuity in Chinese Economic and Social History,” JAS, XXXIII, pp. 265–78.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Myers, Ramon H. 1974b. “Review of Chūgoku sonraku to kyōdōtai riron (Chinese villages and theories of cooperative systems), JAS, XXXIV, pp. 228–29.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Myers, Ramon H. 1976. “Socioeconomic Change in Villages of Manchuria during the Ch'ing and Republican Periods: Some Preliminary Findings,” MAS, X, pp. 601–30.Google Scholar
Myers, Ramon, and Ulie, Thomas R. 1972. “Foreign Influence and Agricultural Development in Northeast China: A Case Study of the Liaotung Peninsula, 1906–1942,” JAS, XXXI, pp. 329–50.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Naquin, Susan. 1975. “The Wang Family and Heterodox Sects in the Ch'ing Dynasty,” paper at Yale faculty seminar on Peasant Rebellion in China.Google Scholar
Naquin, Susan 1976a. Millenarian Rebellion in China: The Eight Trigrams Uprising of 1813, New Haven: Yale Univ. Press, Yale Historical Publications, Miscellany, 108.Google Scholar
Naquin, Susan 1976b. “True Confessions: Criminal Interrogations as Sources for Ch'ing History,” National Palace Museum Bulletin (Taiwan), IX, pp. 1–17.Google Scholar
Nicholas, Ralph W. 1973. “Social and Political Movements,” Annual Review of Anthropology, II, pp. 63–84.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nüda, Noboru. 1956. “Chūgoku no nōdō kōyōnin no hōtekimibun no keisei to henshitsu” (A history of the legal status of villeins and servants in China) in Hokensei to shihonsei (Feudalism and capitalism), Tokyo: Yūhikaku, pp. 527–71.Google Scholar
Overmyer, Daniel L. 1976a. Folk Buddhist Religion: Dissenting Sects in Late Traditional China. Cambridge: Harvard Univ. Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Overmyer, Daniel L. 1976b. “Ming Dynasty Popular Scriptures: An Introduction to the Pao-chüan of Lo Ch'ing and His Wu-wei Chiao,” paper at Society for the Study of Chinese Religions (Toronto).Google Scholar
Overmyer, Daniel L. 1976c. “Boatmen and Buddhas: The Lo Chiao in Ming Dynasty China,” paper at 30th Int'l Congress of the Human Sciences in Asia and North Africa (Mexico City).Google Scholar
Paige, Jeffery M. 1975. Agrarian Revolution: Social Movements and Export Agriculture in the Underdeveloped World, New York: The Free Press.Google Scholar
Parsons, James Bunyan. 1970. The Peasant Rebellions of the Late Ming Dynasty, Tucson: Univ. of Arizona Press.Google Scholar
Payer, Cheryl. 1974. “Harvard on China II: Logic, Evidence, and Ideology: Myers, The Chinese Peasant Economy, and Hou, Foreign Investment and Economic Development in China, 1840–1937,” BCAS, VI, 2, pp. 43–56.Google Scholar
Peng, Pai. 1973. Seeds of Peasant Revolution: Report on the Haifeng Peasant Movement (trans., Holoch, Donald), Ithaca: Cornell East Asia Papers, No. 1.Google Scholar
Perry, Elizabeth J. 1976. “Worshipers and Warriors: White Lotus Influence on the Nian Rebellion,” MC, II, pp. 4–22.Google Scholar
Polachek, James. 1975. “Gentry Hegemony: Soochow in the T'ung-chih Restoration,” in CCL1C, pp. 211–56.Google Scholar
Pong, David. 1975. Guide to the Kwangtung Provincial Archives in the Public Record Office, Cambridge: Harvard East Asian Research Center.Google Scholar
Potter, Jack M. 1968. Capitalism and the Chinese Peasant: Social and Economic Change in a Hong Kong Village, Berkeley: Univ. of California Press.Google Scholar
Purcell, Victor. 1963. The Boxer Uprising: A Background Study, Cambridge: Cambridge Univ. Press.Google Scholar
Qi, Lihuang. 1962. “Zhongguo fengjian shehui ‘nongmin zhengquan’ de liangzhongxing, ji qi xiang fengjian xing zhengquan zhuanhua de biranxing” (The dual nature of peasant political power in Chinese feudal society, and its necessary development into feudal political power), LY, III, pp. 134–42.Google Scholar
Qiu, Hansheng and Qiu, Feng. 1975. “Song Yingxing de weiwu zhuyi ziran xueshuo he dui Ming mo de shehui pipan—du xin faxian de Song Yingxing yi zhu si zhong” (Song Yingxing's theory of materialist spontaneity and his criticism of late Ming society—reading the recently discovered four lost treatises of Song Yingxing), Wenwu (Cultural relics) XII, pp. 14–25.Google Scholar
Rankin, Mary Backus. 1971. Early Chinese Revolutionaries: Radical Intellectuals in Shanghai and Chekiang 1902–1911, Cambridge: Harvard Univ. Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rawski, Evelyn Sakakida. 1972. Agricultural Change and the Peasant Economy of South China, Cambridge: Harvard Univ. Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rawski, Evelyn Sakakida 1975. “Agricultural Development in the Han River Highlands,” CSWT, III, 4, pp. 63–81.Google Scholar
Redfield, Robert. 1956. The Little Community, and Peasant Society and Culture, Chicago: Univ. of Chicago Press.Google Scholar
Reynolds, Bruce L. 1974. “Weft: The Technological Sanctuary of Chinese Handspun Yarn,” CSWT, III, 2, pp. 1–19.Google Scholar
Rhoads, Edward J. M. 1975. China's Republican Revolution: The Case of Kwangtung, 1895–1913, Cambridge: Harvard Univ. Press.Google Scholar
Rosenbaum, Arthur L. 1975. “Gentry Power and the Changsha Rice Riot of 1910,” JAS, XXXIV, pp. 689–716.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rossabi, Morris. 1974. “Muslim and Central Asian Revolts in Late Ming and Early Ch'ing,” paper at ACLS Conference.Google Scholar
Rozman, Gilbert. 1973. Urban Networks in Ch'ing China and Tokugawa Japan [hereafter UN], Princeton: Princeton Univ. Press.Google Scholar
Rudé, George. 1973. Paris and London in the Eighteenth Century, New York: Viking Press.Google Scholar
Sakai, Tadao. 1972. “Hō no minsh¯ no ishiki” (Popular consciousness of [Chinese secret] societies), TK, XXXI, 2, pp. 90–115.Google Scholar
Sasaki, Masaya. 1967. Shinmatsu no himitsu kessha (Secret societies at the end of the Qing), Tokyo: Kindai Chūgoku kenkyū iinkai.Google Scholar
Schak, David C. 1975. “Leadership in a Taiwan Beggar Community: A Model of an Alternative Source of Power and Its Use in Chinese Society,” Univ. of California-Berkeley Chinese Regional Seminar.Google Scholar
Scheiner, Irwin. 1973. “The Mindful Peasant: Sketches for a Study of Rebellion,” JAS, XXXII, pp. 579–92.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Scheiner, Irwin 1976. “The Ambivalence of Responsibility: Village Headmen and the Community,” Japan Studies Conference (Hilo, Hawaii).Google Scholar
Scott, James C. 1972. “The Erosion of Patron-Client Bonds and Social Change in Rural Southeast Asia,” JAS, XXXII, pp. 5–38.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Seidel, Anna K. 1969–70. “The Image of the Perfect Ruler in Early Taoist Messianism,” History of Religions, IX, 2–3, pp. 216–47.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Selden, Mark. 1971. The Yenan Way in Revolutionary China, Cambridge: Harvard Univ. Press.Google Scholar
Shek, Richard. 1975. “The Tsai-li Sectarian Uprising in 1891: Its Background and Suppression,” paper at Berkeley Seminar.Google Scholar
Shih, Chin. 1974. “Partible Inheritance and Rural Chinese Society,” paper at Berkeley Seminar.Google Scholar
Shue, Vivienne Bland. 1974. “Taxation, 'Hidden Land' and the Chinese Peasant,” Peasant Studies Newsletter, III, 4, pp. 1–12.
Shue, Vivienne Bland 1975. “Transforming China's Peasant Villages: Rural Political and Economic Organization, 1949–1956,” Harvard Ph.D. diss.Google Scholar
Skinner, G. William. 1964–65. “Marketing and Social Structure in Rural China,” JAS, XXIV, pp. 3–44, 195–228, 363–400.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Skinner, G. William 1971. “Chinese Peasants and the Closed Community: An Open and Shut Case,” CSSH, XIII, pp. 270–81.Google Scholar
Skinner, G. William 1975. “Review of Rozman, UN,” JAS, XXXV, pp. 131–34.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Slawinski, Roman. 1972. “The Red Spears in the Late 1920's,” in PM, pp. 201–12.Google Scholar
Smelser, Neil J. 1962. Theory of Collective Behavior, New York: The Free Press.Google Scholar
Somers, Robert M. 1975. “The Collapse of the T'ang Order,” Yale Ph.D. diss.Google Scholar
Spence, Jonathan. 1975. “Opium Smoking in Ch'ing China,” in CCLIC, pp. 143–73.Google Scholar
Steiger, George Nye. 1927. China and the Occident: The Origin and Development of the Boxer Movement, New Haven: Yale Univ. Press.Google Scholar
Stinchcombe, Arthur L. 1961. “Agricultural Enterprise and Rural Class Relations,” American Journal of Sociology LXVII, pp. 165–76.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sudō, Yoshiyuki. 1954. Chūgoku tochi seidoshi kenkyū (Studies in the history of the Chinese land system), Tokyo: Tōkyō daigaku shuppankai.Google Scholar
Suzuki, Chūsei. 1943. “Rakyō ni tsuite” (Concerning the Luo sect), Tōyō Bunka Kenkyōjo kiyō (Bulletin of the East Asian Studies Research Center), I, pp. 441–501.Google Scholar
Tan, Chester C. 1971. The Boxer Catastrophe, New York: W. W. Norton.Google Scholar
Tan, Kyōji. 1971. “Sōdai no jinushi nuboku kankei” (The relationship between landlords and estate serfs in the Song period), Tōyō gakuhō (Journal of oriental studies) [hereafter TG], LIU, 3, pp. 76–116.Google Scholar
Tanaka, Masatoshi. 1961. “Minpen: kōso dohen” (Popular rebellion: tax resistance and slave revolts), in Sekai no rekisbi (A history of the world), Tokyo: Chikuma shobō, Vol. XI, pp. 41–80.Google Scholar
Tasaka, Kōdō. 1954. “Mindai kōki no Kaikyōto ryūzoku—Chūgoku Kaikyō shakai shi no ichibu to shite” (The Muslim rebels of the late Ming period—being a portion of the social history of the Muslims in China), TG, XXXVII, 1, pp. 46–68.Google Scholar
Tawney, R. H. 1932. Land and Labour in China, London: George Allen & Unwin.Google Scholar
Teng, S. Y. 1971. The Tailing Rebellion and the Western Powers, New York: Oxford Univ. Press.Google Scholar
Thaxton, Ralph. 1974. “Some Critical Comments on Peasant Revolts and Revolutionary Politics in China,” JAS, XXXII, pp. 279–88.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Thaxton, Ralph 1975. “Tenants in Revolution: The Tenacity of Traditional Morality,” MC, I, pp. 323–58.Google Scholar
Tocqueville, Alexis de. 1955. The Old Regime and the French Revolution (trans., Gilbert, Stuart), Garden City: Anchor Books.Google Scholar
Tong, Collin R. 1974. “Revolutionary Millenarianism as Social Phenomenology,” paper at Stanford graduate colloquium in Modern Chinese History.Google Scholar
Topley, Marjorie. 1963. “The Great Way of Former Heaven: A Group of Chinese Secret Religious Sects,” BSOAS, XXVI, pp. 362–92.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Uhalley, Stephen Jr. 1974a. “The Significance of Jen Yu-wen's Magnum Opus on the Taipings,” JAS, XXXIII, pp. 679–85.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Uhalley, Stephen Jr. 1974b. “The Taiping Movement: A Proposal for a Proper Designation,” in Thompson, Lawrence G. (ed.), Studia Asiatica: Essays in Asian Studies in Felicitation of the Seventy-fifth Anniversary of Professor. Ch'en Shou-yi, Taibei: Chinese Research Materials.Google Scholar
Wakeman, Frederic Jr. 1966. Strangers at the Gate: Social Disorder in South China, 1839–1861, Berkeley: Univ. of California Press.Google Scholar
Wakeman, Frederic Jr. 1972. “The Secret Societies of Kwangtung, 1800–1856,” in PM, pp. 29–48.Google Scholar
Wakeman, Frederic Jr. 1974. “From Ming to Ch'ing: The Shun Interregnum,” paper at ACLS Conference.Google Scholar
Wang, Shouyi. 1962. “Ming mo nongmin jun 'jun tian' kouhao zhiyi” (Doubts about the slogan “equalize the land” of the late Ming peasant army), LY, II, pp. 97–112.Google Scholar
Wang, Xuhuai. 1968. Xian Tong Yunnan huimin shibian (The Muslim rebellion in Yunnan during the Xianfeng and Tongzhi reigns), Taibei: Academia Sinica.Google Scholar
Wang, Y. C. 1967. “Tu Yueh-sheng (1888–1951): A Tentative Political Biography,” JAS, XXVI pp. 433–56.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wang, Ying. 1935. “Taiping tianguo geming qian duo tudi wenti de yi pian” (A glance at several land problems before the Taiping Rebellion), Shihuo (Economics), II, 3, pp. 39–44.Google Scholar
Weinberg, Daniela. 1975. Peasant Wisdom: Cultural Adaptation in a Swiss Village, Berkeley: Univ. of California Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Whyte, Martin King. 1975. “Inequality and Stratification in China,” CQ, LXIV, pp. 684–711.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wiens, Thomas B. 1975. “Review of The Chinese Peasant Economy,” MAS, IX, pp. 279–88.Google Scholar
Wilson, Bryan. 1975. The Noble Savage: The Primitive Origins of Charisma and Its Contemporary Survival, Berkeley: Univ. of California Press.Google Scholar
Wolf, Eric R. 1955. “Types of Latin American Peasantry: A Preliminary Discussion,” American Anthropologist, LVII, pp. 452–71.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wolf, Eric R. 1966. Peasants, Englewood Cliffs: Prentice-Hall.Google Scholar
Wolf, Eric R. 1969a. Peasant Wars of the Twentieth Century, New York: Harper & Row.Google Scholar
Wolf, Eric R. 1969b. “On Peasant Rebellions,” International Social Science Journal, XXI, pp. 286–93.Google Scholar
Worsley, Peter. 1968. The Trumpet Shall Sound: A Study of “Cargo” Cults in Melanesia, 2nd ed., New York: Schocken Books.Google Scholar
Wright, Mary C. 1968. China in Revolution: The First Phase, 1900–1913, New Haven: Yale Univ. Press.Google Scholar
Xie, Xingyao. 1935. Taiping tianguo de shehui zhengzhi sixiang (The social and political thought of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom), Shanghai: Commercial Press.Google Scholar
Xie, Xingyao 1936. Taiping tianguo shishi luncong (Collected essays on the historical events of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom), Shanghai: Commercial Press.Google Scholar
Yamane, Yukio. 1960. “Min Shin jidai kahoku ni okeru tekishi” (Periodic markets in north China during the Ming and Qing periods), Shiron (Historical essays), VIII, pp. 493–504.Google Scholar
Yang, C. K. 1961. Religion in Chinese Society: A Study of Contemporary Social Functions of Religion and Some of Their Historical Factors, Berkeley: Univ. of California Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Yang, C. K. 1975. “Some Preliminary Statistical Patterns of Mass Actions in Nineteenth-Century China,” in CCLIC, pp. 174–210.Google Scholar
Yeh, Wen-hsing. 1975. “A Study of the Lo-chiao, a Sectarian Community in Eighteenth Century China,” paper at Berkeley Seminar.Google Scholar
Yuan, Tsing. 1974. “Urban Uprisings in the Late Ming and Early Ch'ing,” paper at ACLS Conference.Google Scholar
Zagoria, Donald S. 1974. “Asian Tenancy Systems and Communist Mobilization,” in PRCRA, pp. 29–60.Google Scholar
Zhang, Youyi. 1975. “Taiping tianguo geming qianxi Huizhou diqu tudi guanxi de ige shilu—Yi xian dizhu Jiang Chongyi tang zhichan bu' pouxi” (A genuine record of land relationships in the Huizhou area on the eve of the Taiping revolution—analysis of the “register of property acquisitions of thejiang Chongyi estate” of a landlord in Yi district), Wenwu, VI, pp. 34–46.Google Scholar