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The Sino-American Commercial Treaty of 1946

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  23 March 2011

M. E. Orlean
M. E. Orlean
Affiliation:
Washington, D. C.
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Extract

On November 4, 1946, representatives of the United States and China signed a five-year “Treaty of Friendship, Commerce, and Navigation” at Nanking. Negotiation of this pact within six months of the cessation of hostilities had been called for by the treaty of January 11, 1943, under which the United States relinquished extraterritorial rights in China. The new treaty should thus have occasioned no surprise since it was intended merely as a routine instrument for facilitating commercial relations between the two countries.

Type
Articles
Information
The Journal of Asian Studies , Volume 7 , Issue 4 , August 1948 , pp. 354 - 367
Copyright
Copyright © The Association for Asian Studies, Inc. 1948

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References

1 “Treaty of Friendship, Commerce and Navigation between the United States of America and the Republic of China,” in For the press (release), no. 773, Department of State, Washington, D. C, November 4, 1946.

2 Department of State bulletin, 8 (Jan. 16,1943), 60.

3 Quoted in the New York times, January 26, 1947.

4 Quoted in the New York times, December 19, 1946.

5 Press release, Chinese News Service, Ne& York, November 29, 1946.

6 New York times, November 4, 1946.

7 Press release, Chinese News Service, November 29, 1946.

8 Yat-sen, Sun, The international development of China (New York: G. P. Putnam's Sons, 1922).Google Scholar

9 See address by Soong, T. V., B.B.C. broadcast from London, quoted in the Shanghai evening post and mercury, New York, August 27, 1943Google Scholar; also Kai-shek, Chiang, China's destiny and Chinese economic theory (New York: Roy Publishers, 1947Google Scholar), 156, 161, 162, and 286.

10 For an example of an unofficial statement favoring this view see Chinese Economic Reconstruction Society, “Draft outline of the principles for China's post-war economic reconstruction” in H. D. Fong, K. Y. Lin, and Koh Tso-fan, Problems of economic reconstruction in China,China Council Paper no. 2 (Quebec: Institute of Pacific Relations, 1942), especially part I, par. 102.

11 See statement of Finance Minister K'ung, H. H., Shanghai evening post and mercury, August 27, 1943Google Scholar; also Wen-hao, Wong, “Industrialization in postwar China,” Quarterly bulletin of Chinese bibliography, n.s. 3 (Chungking, March-June 1943Google Scholar), nos. 1-2. Dr. Wong was at that time Minister of Economic Affairs.

12 Shanghai evening post and mercury, September 17, 1943.

13 See “The prospect of foreign investment in China,” Contemporary China, 3 (Feb. 7, 1944Google Scholar), no. 16; also Kia-ngau, Chang, China's struggle for railroad development (New York: John Day, 1943), 316–17.Google Scholar

14 Wu, Y. L., China's economic policy — planning or free enterprise! (New York: Sino-International Economic Research Center, Inc., 1946), 45.Google Scholar

15 “China at the monetary and financial conference,” Contemporary China, 4 (Aug. 21, 1944), no. 7.Google Scholar

16 See Wei Tao-ming (then Chinese Ambassador to the United States), “The future of Chinese-American economic relations,” and Kung, H. H. (then Vice-President of the Executive Yuan), “Chinese-American economic cooperation,” Contemporary China, 4 (Aug. 7, 1944), no. 6.Google Scholar

17 Special release, Chinese News Service, January 3, 1945.

18 Statement by Fo, Sun, President of the Legislative Yuan, Shanghai evening post and mercury, December 15, 1944.Google Scholar

19 Special release, Chinese News Service, May 25, 1945.

20 The company law of China, revised 1946 (New York: Chinese News Service, 1946).Google Scholar

21 Press release, Chinese News Service, November 30, 1945.

22 For a summary of this plan, which was part of a general five-year economic plan, see Guide to the industrialization of China, Abstract (Washington: Foreign Economic Administration, Bureau of Supplies, Engineering Service, May, 1945).

23 See Report of the delegation on economic depression, part II, Economic stability in the post-war world (Geneva: League of Nations, 1945)Google Scholar; also, Industrialization and foreign trade (New York: League of Nations Economic, Financial and Transit Department, 1942).Google Scholar

24 Suggested charter for an international trade organization of the United Nations, Department of State, Publication 2598, Commercial Policy Series 93, (Washington, September 1946).

25 Ibid., art. 21, par. 2.

26 Foreign commerce yearbook, 1918 (Washington: Department of Commerce, 1939), 305. This excludes Formosa and the Northeast Provinces.

27 Lieu, D. K., Notes on China's foreign trade and trade Policy, International Secretariat Paper no. 5 (New York: Institute of Pacific Relations, January, 1945Google Scholar), 17. It should be pointed out that this figure is probably an underestimate since the contiguity of China and the U.S.S. undoubtedly gives rise to considerable smuggling activity and the consequent failure of much merchandise to pass through normal Customs channels.

28 See “Revised temporary import-export regulations, as promulgated November 17, 1946,” Special release, Chinese News Service, December 2, 1946.

29 Foreign commerce yearbook, 1938, p. 309.

30 “The promise of the China market,” Contemporary China, 3 (Jan. 24, 1944), no. 15.Google Scholar

31 Tsang, Chili, The post-war market of China: a preliminary estimate (New York: Institute of Pacific Relations, 1944), 88–90.Google Scholar

32 “The promise of the China market,” op. cit., no. 15.

33 Suggested Charter, art. 26, part. 1.

34 Exchange of notes between Wei Taoming, Chinese Ambassador to the United States, and Secretary of State Hull, Department of State bulletin, 8 (Jan. 16, 1943), 60.Google Scholar

35 Suggested charter, art. 78, par. 3.

36 The company law of China, revised 1946, chap. 8, art. 292.

37 Ibid., art. 297.

38 ”The prospect of foreign investment in China,” Contemporary China, 3 (Feb. 7, 1944), no. 16.Google Scholar

39 Lieu, op. cit., p. 29.

40 Rosinger, L. K., “China as a post-war market,” Foreign policy reports, 22 (Jan. 1, 1945), 262–63.Google Scholar