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Published online by Cambridge University Press: 23 March 2011
In the six-year period from 1950 to 1956 a considerable number of books articles, and pamphlets on Korea were published in the Soviet Union. Although some of these items were noted in the Library of Congress bibliography of Russian language works in August 1950, and although a few have been mentioned in subsequent surveys of Soviet publications on the Far East, there has been no recent attempt to describe and assess in general terms the total Soviet output on the subject of Korea since the North Korean Communist invasion brought war and world attention to the peninsula. Such a general survey is the main objective of the present study. A secondary aim is to present a tentative report on the present state of Korean studies in the Soviet Union. The present survey is by no means all inclusive; Soviet newspapers are not discussed; some items known to exist have not been available for inspection; others unknown undoubtedly lie buried in the voluminous pages of Soviet periodical literature. Nevertheless it is believed that the scrutinized sample of Soviet writings on Korea has been adequate for the presentation of an accurate general picture.
The author received his master's degree in 1957 at Harvard University in Regional Studies—East Asia and is at present a Research Assistant in the Program of Graduate Training and Research in International Relations at Northwestern University.
1 Library of Congress acquisitions of pertinent separately bound items totaled more than fifty for the period. The following abbreviations have been used in this study: AS, Publishing House of the Academy of Sciences of the U.S.S.R.; FL, State Publishing House for Foreign Literature; GL, State Publishing House for Geographical Literature; KSIV, Kratkie soobshcheniia Instituta Vostokovedeniia [Short Reports of the Institute of Oriental Studies]; M, Moscow; PL, State Publishing House for Political Literature; SV, Sovetskoe vostokovedenie [Soviet Oriental Studies]; UZIV, Uchenye zapiski Instituta Vostokovedeniia [Transactions of the Institute of Oriental Studies]; VE, Voprosy ekonomiki [Problems of Economics]; and VI, Voprosy istorii [Problems of History]. A convention has been adopted of using translated titles only in the text, and of not repeating translations in footnote citations.
2 Parry, A., Dorosh, J. T., and Gardner, E. G., Korea—An Annotated Bibliography of Publications in the Russian Language (Washington, 1950), 84 ppGoogle Scholar.
3 Two are discussed in William Ballis and Emily Timmins, “Recent Soviet Writings on the Far East,” PA, XXV (1952), 59–76.
4 P. P. Bushev, “Rabota Instituta Vostokovedeniia Akademii Nauk SSSR v 1954 g. i plan 1955 g.” [“The Work of the Institute of Oriental Studies of the Academy of Sciences of the U.S.S.R. in 1954 and Plan for 1955”] SV, II (1955), 158.
For further information concerning the Institute and Soviet studies of Asia, see Rodger Swearingen, “Asian Studies in the Soviet Union,” JAS, XVII (May 1958), 515–537.
5 Alma Ata, capital of the Kazakh Republic, is the center of a large Korean population. In 1935–37 the Soviet Government moved several hundred thousand Koreans from the Soviet Far East into Central Asia. Consult Ko Ch’ih-feng, Ch’ao-hsien ko-ming chi [Record of the Korean Revolution], (Shanghai: Shang-wu yin-shu kuan, 1945), pp. 90–92.
6 Arkadii Perventsev, V Koree [In Korea], (M: Soviet Writer, 1950), p. 4.
7 Za edinuiu nezavisimuiu demokraticheskuiu Koreiu kratkii rekomendatel’nyi ukazatel’ literatury (M: V. I. Lenin State Library of the U.S.S.R., 1950), 28 pp.
8 “Ty chelovek iz strany Stalina, I znachit—drug ee naroda.”
9 N. K. Vaintsvaig and V. V. Lezin, eds., Koreiskaia Narodno-Demokraticheskaia Respublika (M: AS, Institute of Oriental Studies, 1954), 446 pp.
10 I. V. Kravtsov, “Koreiskaia Narodno-Demokraticheskaia Respublika” [“The Korean People’s Democratic Republic”], SV, I (1955), 155–158.
11 “Koreia,” Bol’shaia sovetskaia entsiklopedia (M: State Scientific Publishing House, 1949-), XXII, 587–627.
12 E.g., consult articles on Kim Ilsǒng, Kim Tubong, Yi Kiyǒng, Labor Party, Korean Communist Party, New Korea, Nodong sinmun [Labor News], and Pyongyang.
13 A recent major work by Dr. McCune is Korea’s Heritage: A Regional and Social Geography (Rutland, Tokyo, 1956), 250 pp.
14 Zaichikov, V. T., Geography of Korea, trans. Albert Parry with intro. and notes by Shannon McCune (New York, 1952), 142 ppGoogle Scholar.
15 Zaichikov, V. T., Koreia [Korea], (M: GL, 1947), 228 ppGoogle Scholar.
16 Zaichikov, V. T., Koreia, (M: GL, 1951), 478 ppGoogle Scholar.
17 Consult Parry, Dorosh, and Gardner, p. 13.
18 Perventsev, Arkadii, V Koree (M: Soviet Writer, 1950), 82 ppGoogle Scholar.
19 Kozhin, A., Koreia v dni voiny (M: Young Guards, 1952), 220 ppGoogle Scholar.
20 Khokhlov, Nikolai P., Koreia nashikh dnei (M: Young Guards, 1956), 224 ppGoogle Scholar.
21 Tiagai, G. D., “Trudy russkikh issledovatelei kak istochnik po novoi istorii Korei” in Ocherki po istorii russkogo vostokovedeniia (M: AS, 1953), pp. 122–147Google Scholar.
22 Dates cited are approximate indications of the periods when these writers had con-tact with Korea.
23 Tiagai, G. D., Krest’ianskoe vosstanie v Koree 1898–1896 gg. (M: AS, 1953), 204 ppGoogle Scholar. A preliminary article on the same subject appeared earlier; G. D. Tiagai, “Krest’ianskoe vosstanie 1893–1894 godov v Koree” [“The Peasant Rebellion of 1893–1895 in Korea”], UZIV, III (1951), 139–190.
24 G. D. Tiagai, “Iz istorii proniknoveniia evropeiskikh derzhav v Koreiu(v 30–60-kh godakh XIX v.),” KSIV, XXI (1956) 38–53.
25 A thorough study of these sources which excels anything yet published in the Soviet Union is Ross Macdonald, “Russian Interest in Korea, to 1895,” doctoral diss., (Harvard Univ., 1957), 535 pp.
26 Opisanie Korei (St. Petersburg: Ministry of Finance, 1900), I, 448 pp.; II, 490 pp.; Ill, 318 pp.
27 Goncharov, I. A., Fregat “Pallada” (M: GL, 1951), 705 ppGoogle Scholar.
28 Goncharov, I. A., Polnoe sobranie sochinenii [Complete Collected Works], (St. Petersburg: Glazunov, 1896), VII, 560 ppGoogle Scholar.
29 Complete Works, pp. 397f. Omitted from Frigate “Pallada,” p. 573.
30 Complete Works, pp. 374ff. Omitted from Frigate “Pallada,” p. 562. For example: “The Chinese have neither nationalism, patriotism, nor religion—the three fundamentals which are necessary for the proper functioning of the machinery of state. There are Chinese but there is no Chinese nation. One of our sinologues has told me that the word ‘fatherland’ is not even in their language” (p. 376).
31 Complete Works, p. 371. Omitted from Frigate “Pallada,” p. 561.
32 N. G. Garin (Garin-Mikhailovskii),Iz dnevnikov krugosvetnogo putesheslviia (po Koree, Man’chzhurii i Liaodunskomu poluostrovu), (M: GL, 1952), 445 pp.
33 Li Chen Von (Yi Ch’ǒngwon), Ocherki novoi istorii Korei (M: FL, 1952), 191 pp.
34 Lezin, V. V., ed., Ocherki po istorii osvoboditel’noi bor’by koreiskogo naroda (M: FL, 1950), 323 ppGoogle Scholar.
35 Chosǒn minjok haebang t’ujaeng sa [History of the Korean People’s Liberation War], (Pyongyang, 1949). This work has also been translated into Japanese and Chinese, the former being the more complete translation.
36 M. N. Pak, “Novyi istoricheskii zhurnal v KNDR,” SV, IV (1956), 478–489.
37 Petrova, O. P., Opisanie pis’mennykh pamiatnikov koreiskoi kul’tury (M: AS, 1956), 98 ppGoogle Scholar. Further information concerning this work and references to other writings by O. P. Petrova may be found in my “The Korean Collection of the Division of Oriental Manu-scripts, Institute of Oriental Studies, Academy of Sciences of the U.S.S.R.: A Biblio-graphical Note,” HJAS, XIX (Dec. 1956), 409–411.
38 M. N. Pak, “O kharaktere sotsial’no-ekonomicheskikh otnoshenii v gosudarstve Silla (III-VI vv.),” VI, VII (1956), 49–85.
39 This was published in Japanese. Consult item No. 234 in B. H. Hazard, Jr., James Hoyt, H. T. Kim, and W. W. Smith, Jr. (Richard Marcus, ed.), Korean Studies Guide (Berkeley and Los Angeles, 1964).
40 Khan Chan Kho (Han Ch’angho), “Diskussiia o rabovladel’cheskom stroe v Koree” [“Discussion of the Slavery System in Korea”] VI, V (1957), 217–220.
41 A. la. Sakhnin, Koreiskii narod v bor’be za edinstvo i nezavizimost’ (M: Ail-Union Society for the Diffusion of Political and Scientific Knowledge, 1950), 31 pp.
42 Kravtsov, I., Agressiia amerikanskogo imperializma v Koree (1945–1951), (M: PL, 1951), 439 ppGoogle Scholar.
43 Romashkin, P., Chudovishchnye preslupleniia amerikanskikh agressorov v Koree (M: PL, 1953), 204 ppGoogle Scholar.
44 Zaslavskii, D., Peremirie v Koree-vazhnyi vklad v delo mira (M: PL, 1953), 40 ppGoogle Scholar.
45 Kim, V. A., Gosudarstvennyi stroi Koreiskoi Narodno-Demokraticheskoi Respubliki (M: State Publishing House for Juridical Literature, 1955), 203 ppGoogle Scholar.
46 Kim takes pains to emphasize, however, the temporary retention of private property in land through various cooperative arrangements of a “voluntary” nature (e.g., p. 95).
47 Zaslavskii, p. 15.
48 Pigulevskaia, E. A., Koreiskii narod v bor’be za nezavisimost’ i demokratiiu (M: AS, Institute of Economics, 1952), 359 ppGoogle Scholar. An earlier work is E. A. Pigulevskaia, “Koreiskii narod v bor’be za svobodu nezavisimost’ i edinnoe demokraticheskoe gosudarstvo” [“The Korean People in the Struggle for Freedom, Independence, and a United Democratic State”], VE, VII (1950), 24–41.
49 G. F. Kim, “Nekotorye dannye ob ekonomicheskoi agressii amerikanskogo imperializma v iuzhnoi Koree,” KSIV, XI (1954), 82–91.
50 G. F. Kim, “Ekonomicheskoe razvitie Koreiskoi Narodno-Demokraticheskoi Respubliki,” VE, VII (1955), 108–120.
51 V. A. Kim and A. E. Erenov, “Zemel’naia reforma v Koreiskoi Narodno-Demokraticheskoi Respublike,” VI, VII (1954), 102–112.
52 G. F. Kim, “Ekonomicheskoe i kul’turnoe stroitel’stvo v Koreiskoi Narodno-Demo-kraticheskoi Respublike (1945–50 gg.),” VI, VI (1954), 27–42.
53 G. N. Bazhenov, “Koreiskaia Narodno-Demokraticheskaia Respublika na puti vosstanovleniia i razvitiia narodnogo khoziaistva,” SV, II (1956), 119–127.
54 L. N. Karshinov, “Vneshniaia torgovlia Koreiskoi Narodno-Demokraticheskoi Respubliki,” in M. F. Kovrizhnykh et al., eds., Vneshniaia torgovlia stran narodnoi-demo-kratii, [Foreign Trade of the People’s Democracies] (M: State Publishing House for Foreign Trade, 1955), pp. 291–305.
55 Vosstanovlenie i razvitie narodnogo khoziaistva Koreiskoi-Narodno-Demokraticheskoi Respubliki. Foreword by V. A. Maslennikov. (M: FL, 1955), 186 pp. A study based in part on this source is Theodore Shabad’s, “North Korea’s Postwar Recovery,” FES, XXV (June 1956), 81–91.
56 Usatov, D. M. et al., Russko-koreiskii slovar’ (M: State Publishing House for Foreign and National Dictionaries, 1951), 1056 ppGoogle Scholar.
57 Kholodovich, A. A., Koreisko-russkii slovar’ (M: State Publishing House for Foreign and National Dictionaries, 1951), 664 ppGoogle Scholar.
58 Kholodovich, A. A., Ocherk grammatiki koreiskogo iazyka (M: Publishing House for Foreign Language Literature, 1954), 324 ppGoogle Scholar.
59 “The author has taken into consideration the results of the linguistic discussion which took place in 1950 and has brought forth the present work keeping in mind the writings of J. V. Stalin on linguistic problems. Therefore Outline Grammar of the Korean Language differs substantially from two earlier works by the author which appeared in 1937–38. These were small in scope, poor in factual material, and contained a great many methodo-logical errors which were directly linked to a misunderstanding of the nature of language as superstructure with all the implications deriving therefrom. The appearance of the present book removes the necessity for their further use” (p. 4).
60 L. R. Zinder, “Glasnye koreiskogo iazyka,” SV, III (1956), 91–103.
61 L. A. Bereznyi and A. N. Boldyrev, “Nauchnaia deiatel’nost’ vostochnogo fakul’teta L. G. U. v 1955 g.,” [“Scientific Activity of the Oriental Faculty of L.S.U. in 1955”], SV, IV (1956), 157.
62 A. N. Boldyrev and L. A. Bereznyi, “Nauchnaia deiatel’nost’ vostochnogo fakul’teta L.G.U. v 1954 g.,” [“Scientific Activity of the Oriental Faculty of L.S.U. in 1954”], SV, I (1955), 146.
63 Te Gi Chen, (Cho Kich’ǒn) “Pektusan,” Zvezda (Star), VI (1952), 75–82.
64 ”Poslushaite menia. la govoriu. Zdes’ sozdaetsia Novaia Koreia I chuzhezemnye shtyki ne smogut Ostanovit’ stroitel’stvo ee” (p. 82).
65 Kim, N., ed., Koreia boretsia (M: FL, 1952), 154 ppGoogle Scholar.
66 Consult, for example, a study by V. I. Ivanova, “Li Gi En i ego roman ‘Zemlia’ “[“Yi Kiyǒng and His Novel Land”], KSIV, XVII (1955), 28–39.
67 Li Gi En (Yi Kiyǒng), Zemlia (M: FL, 1953), 486 pp.
68 Ivanova, p. 30. Presumably this figure refers to the accumulated total of several years, not just to the year 1955.
69 Kim Dzhin KM (Kim Chinhi), “Arkhitektura koreiskogo naroda,” Sovetskaia arkhitektura, II (1952), 88–100.
70 M. Filatov, “Uspekhi kinoiskusstva Koreiskoi Narodno-Demokraticheskoi Respubliki,” Iskusstvo kino, IX (1955), 105–107.
71 Lenin, V. I., Sochineniia [Collected Works] (Leningrad: Partizdat, 1935), XXV, 55Google Scholar.