¹ Mond put forward a “Memorandum to Cabinet,” on 21 August 1917, proposing a national war museum as the national war memorial. Hyde Park was put forward as the most appropriate site. Herein lay the origins of the Imperial War Museum; see Kavanagh, Gaynor, “Museum as Memorial: The Origins of the Imperial War Museum,” Journal of Contemporary History 23, no. 1 (January 1988): 77–97.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

² Excerpt from the duke of Atholl's speech at Glasgow, 22 February 1920, quoted in printed leaflet, supplement to The Caledonian, December 1922, Federated Caledonian Society of South Africa, Papers of the duke and duchess of Atholl concerning the Scottish National War Memorial, Acc. 4714/2, National Library of Scotland, Edinburgh (hereafter NLS).

³ Gaffney, Angela, Aftermath: Remembering the Great War in Wales (Cardiff, 1998), 44–68Google Scholar; D’Arcy, Fergus A., Remembering the War Dead: British Commonwealth and International War Graves in Ireland since 1914 (Dublin, 2007), 172–93Google Scholar; Inglis, K. S., “A Sacred Place: The Making of the Australian War Memorial,” War and Society 3, no. 2 (September 1985): 99–126Google Scholar; Gordon, David L. A. and Osborne, Brian S., “Constructing National Identity in Canada's Capital, 1900–2000: Confederation Square and the National War Memorial,” Journal of Historical Geography 30, no. 4 (October 2004): 618–42.Google Scholar

⁴ Lawson, Tom, in “‘The Free-Masonry of Sorrow’? English National Identities and the Memorialization of the Great War in Britain, 1919–1931,” History and Memory 20, no. 1 (Spring/Summer 2008): 89–120CrossRefGoogle Scholar, discusses the confusion between these different layers of identification.

⁵ Heathorn, Stephen, “A ‘matter for artists, and not for soldiers’? The Cultural Politics of the Earl Haig National Memorial, 1928–1937,” Journal of British Studies 44, no. 3 (July 2005): 536–61.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

⁶ Goebel, Stefan, “Re-membered and Re-mobilized: The ‘Sleeping Dead’ in Interwar Germany and Britain,” Journal of Contemporary History 39, no. 4 (October 2004): 487–501.Google Scholar In the former camp are works such as Hynes, Samuel, A War Imagined: The First World War and English Culture (London, 1990)Google Scholar; and Anderson, Benedict, Imagined Communities: Reflections on the Origin and Spread of Nationalism (London, 1983).Google Scholar Most influential among the latter is Winter, Jay M., Sites of Memory, Sites of Mourning: The Great War in European Cultural History (Cambridge, 1995)Google Scholar.

⁷ Goebel, “Re-membered and Re-mobilized,” 488.

⁸ The controversy concerning the impact of the memorial on Edinburgh's skyline is discussed as part of an examination of the relationship between local and national memorials in Jenny Macleod's “Memorials and Location: Local versus National Identity and the Scottish National War Memorial,” Scottish Historical Review (forthcoming). An article by Stephen Heathorn examines some related issues of the spatial politics of war memorials (“The Civil Servant and Public Remembrance: Sir Lionel Earle and the Shaping of London's Commemorative Landscape, 1918–1933,” Twentieth Century British History 19, no. 3 [2008]: 259–87CrossRefGoogle Scholar).

⁹ Morton, Graeme, Unionist-Nationalism: Governing Urban Scotland, 1830–1860 (East Linton, 1999)Google Scholar.

¹⁰ Ibid., 187.

¹¹ Morris, Robert J. and Morton, Graeme, “The Re-making of Scotland: A Nation within a Nation, 1850–1920,” in Scotland, 1850–1979: Society, Politics and the Union, ed. Lynch, Michael (London, 1993), 18.Google Scholar

¹² See, e.g., Allan, Stuart and Carswell, Allan, The Thin Red Line: War, Empire and Visions of Scotland (Edinburgh, 2004)Google Scholar; Streets, Heather, Martial Races: The Military, Race and Masculinity in British Imperial Culture, 1857–1914 (Manchester, 2004)Google Scholar; and Spiers, Edward, The Scottish Soldier and Empire, 1854–1902 (Edinburgh, 2006)Google Scholar.

¹³ Strachan, Hew, “Scotland's Military Identity,” Scottish Historical Review 85, 2, no. 220 (October 2006): 328.Google Scholar

¹⁴ McFarland, Elaine, “How the Irish Paid Their Debt’: Irish Catholics in Scotland and Voluntary Enlistment, August 1914–July 1915,” Scottish Historical Review 82, 2, no. 214 (October 2003): 261–84.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

¹⁵ Coetzee, Daniel, “Measures of Enthusiasm: New Avenues in Quantifying Variations in Voluntary Enlistment in Scotland, August 1914–December 1915,” Local Population Studies 74 (Spring 2005): 16–35.Google Scholar Twenty-four percent of Scottish males enlisted voluntarily; the British average was 20 percent. The protection of vital industrial workers through conscription eroded this differential by war's end.

¹⁶ Kenefick, William, “War Resisters and Anti-conscription in Scotland: An I.L.P. Perspective,” in Scotland and the Great War, ed. Macdonald, Catriona M. M. and McFarland, Elaine W. (East Linton, 1999), 74.Google Scholar

¹⁷ Royle, Trevor, The Flowers of the Forest: Scotland and the Great War (Edinburgh, 2006), 230–50.Google Scholar

¹⁸ MacKenzie, John M., “Empire and National Identities. The Case of Scotland,” Transactions of the Royal Historical Society, 6th ser., vol. 8 (1998): 230 and 228.Google Scholar

¹⁹ Finlay, Richard J., “The Rise and Fall of Popular Imperialism in Scotland, 1850–1950,” Scottish Geographical Magazine 113, no. 1 (1997): 19–20Google Scholar, “Controlling the Past: Scottish Historiography and Scottish Identity in the 19th and 20th Centuries,” Scottish Affairs, no. 9 (Autumn 1994): 136–37, and “For or Against?’: Scottish Nationalists and the British Empire, 1919–39,” Scottish Historical Review 71, no. 191/192 (October 1992): 196.Google Scholar

²⁰ Calder, Angus, “The Scottish National War Memorial,” in Memory and Memorials: The Commemorative Century, ed. Kidd, William and Murdoch, Brian (Aldershot, 2004), 71.Google Scholar See also Calder, Angus, Disasters and Heroes: On War, Memory and Representation (Cardiff, 2004)Google Scholar.

²¹ MacDonald, Juliette, “‘Let Us Now Praise the Name of Famous Men’: Myth and Meaning in the Stained Glass of the Scottish National War Memorial,” Journal of Design History 14, no. 2 (2001): 117–28Google Scholar. See also Petrie, Ann, “Scottish Culture and the First World War, 1914–1939” (PhD diss., Dundee University, 2006)Google Scholar.

²² Anderson, Imagined Communities.

²³ Hutchison, I. G. C., “The Nobility and Politics in Scotland, c. 1880–1939,” in Scottish Elites, ed. Devine, T. M. (Edinburgh, 1994), 131–51Google Scholar, and Scottish Politics in the Twentieth Century (Basingstoke, 2001), 31–52.Google Scholar

²⁴ Cannadine, David, The Decline and Fall of the British Aristocracy (Basingstoke, 1990), 572–88Google Scholar; Cameron, Ewen A. and Robertson, Iain J. M., “Fighting and Bleeding for the Land: The Scottish Highlands and the Great War,” in Scotland and the Great War, ed. Macdonald, Catriona M. M. and McFarland, Elaine W. (East Linton, 1999), 81–102.Google Scholar

²⁵ Captain George Swinton to duke of Atholl, 28 June 1917, Acc. 4714/11, NLS. Swinton's varied career was described upon his retirement as Lyon King of Arms in “New Lyon King of Arms,” Scotsman, 12 April 1929.

²⁶ Atholl to Robert Munro, Secretary for Scotland, 5 January 1918, HH1/650, National Archives of Scotland (NAS). “Report of the Committee appointed by the Secretary for Scotland to consider and report upon The Utilisation of Edinburgh Castle for the purposes of a Scottish National War Memorial with copy of the warrant appointing the committee,” Cmd. 279, HMSO, Edinburgh 1919, Acc. 4714/1, NLS.

²⁷ Scottish National War Memorial, minutes of meeting held 15 January 1919, Acc. 4714/1, NLS.

²⁸ “The Castle Scheme: Its Reconsideration,” Scotsman, 15 January 1923.

²⁹ “Brigadier-General The Duke of Atholl, K. T., C. B., M. V. O., D. S. O.; The Rt. Hon. Lord Carmichael, G. C. S. I., G. C. I. E., K. C. M. G.; The Admiral Commanding-in-Chief at Rosyth; The General Officer Commanding-in-Chief Scottish Command; The Lord Provosts for the time being of Edinburgh, Glasgow, Aberdeen, Dundee, Perth; The Rt. Hon. William Adamson, MP; The Rt. Hon Lord Balfour of Burleigh, K. T., G. C. M. G., G. C. V. O.; James Brown, Esq. (Ayr); Sir John Burnet, R. S. A.; Lieutenant-Colonel D. W. Cameron of Lochiel, C. M. G.; Lieutenant-General Sir J. Spencer Ewart, K. C. B.; Sir John R. Findlay, K. B. E.; The Rt. Hon. Lord Glenconner; The Rt. Hon. Sir J. H. A. MacDonald, G. C. B. etc; The Rt. Hon. Sir Herbert Maxwell, Bart. of Monreith; Sir Hector Munro, Bart. of Foulis; The Rt. Hon. Lord Newlands; Sir William Robertson (Dunfermline); The Very Rev. Sir George Adam Smith D. D.; The Rt. Hon. Eugene Wason, MP; The Very Rev A. Wallace Williamson, D. D.; Sir George Younger, Bart., MP.” A further two members were co-opted onto the Construction Committee at a moment of controversy in 1922 to shore up confidence in the project. These were David Erskine, Esq., of Linlathen, president of the board of the National Gallery, and J. Lawton Wingate, Esq., P. R. S. A. A number of original committee members died (Macdonald, Balfour, and Erskine) or resigned before the building commenced. Wingate resigned due to ill health. Findlay resigned, possibly because his position became increasingly awkward as his newspaper began to criticize the project. Lochiel resigned after he publicly criticized the committee's representativeness. Maxwell resigned because he preferred to erect a small memorial and spend the balance on the welfare of ex-soldiers (Cmd. 279, HMSO, Edinburgh 1919, Acc. 4714/1, NLS); Duchess of Atholl, Working Partnership: Being the Lives of John George, 8th Duke of Atholl and Katharine Marjory Ramsay (London, 1958), 131.Google Scholar John R. Findlay to Novar, 10 January 1923, HH1/654, NAS; Atholl to Earle, 13 January 1923, Acc. 4714/18, NLS; Cameron of Lochiel to Novar, 18 January 1923, HH1/654, NAS; Maxwell to Scotsman, January 5 1923, Acc. 4714/8, NLS. Further biographical information on these individuals is drawn from Who's Who and the relevant entries in the Oxford Dictionary of National Biography unless otherwise noted.

³⁰ Invitation letter from Robert Munro to join the committee (copy), 7 June 1918, Acc. 4714/36, NLS.

³¹ This latter omission was queried by P. Docherty, late corporal, 2nd Royal Scots in a letter to Robert Munro, 18 October 1918, HH1/651, NAS.

³² Church of Scotland: Atholl (Lord High Commissioner of Church of Scotland, 1918–20), Balfour of Burleigh, Brown (Lord High Commissioner to the Church of Scotland 1924, 1930, and 1931), the Very Rev. A. Wallace Williamson (moderator of the Church of Scotland). Free Church: the Very Rev. Sir George Adam Smith, who was closely involved in the eventual union of the United Free Church with the Church of Scotland. Catholic Apostolic: Rt. Hon. Sir J. H. A. Macdonald and Sir Herbert Maxwell (Macdonald died 9 May 1919, and Maxwell resigned prior to 1923).

³³ He considered inviting figures such as Bute, Lovat, or Archie Stirling, but he was concerned that Lovat was “apt to take charge of the whole show.” Atholl to Sir James Dodds, 12 May 1919, Acc. 4717/36, NLS.

³⁴ Atholl (eighth duke), Balfour (sixth lord), Carmichael (eleventh baronet), Maxwell (seventh baronet), Newlands (second baron), Robertson (created first baronet in 1919), Younger (created first viscount in 1923). Lord lieutenants: Atholl (Perthshire), Carmichael (Peebleshire from 1921), Maxwell (Wigtownshire), Munro (Ross and Cromarty), Newlands (Lanarkshire), Younger (Stirlingshire, vice lieutenant of Clackmananshire).

³⁵ Atholl (brigadier-general, Scottish Horse), Cameron of Lochiel (lieutenant-colonel, raised the Cameron Highlanders in 1914), Spencer Ewart (lieutenant-colonel, GOC Scotland until 1918, colonel of Cameron Highlanders), Munro (late colonel of 3rd battalion, Seaforth Highlanders), Robertson (field-marshal, Chief of the Imperial General Staff from December 1915 to February 1918), plus Admiral Sir Cecil Burney (admiral commanding in chief, Scotland) and Lieutenant-General Sir Frederick McCraken (general officer commanding-in-chief Scottish Command).

³⁶ Conservatives: Atholl, Balfour of Burleigh (who served as Scottish Secretary in Salisbury's ministry), Cameron of Lochiel, Maxwell, Newlands, and Younger; as were Erskine and Swinton. Liberals: Carmichael, Spencer Ewart, and Wason.

³⁷ Adamson and Brown. Adamson went on to be Secretary for Scotland in 1924 and Secretary of State from 1929 to 1931.

³⁸ Sutherland, Duncan, “Murray, Katharine Marjory Stewart, duchess of Atholl (1874–1960),” in Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (Oxford, 2004)Google Scholar.

³⁹ Hutchison, “The Nobility and Politics in Scotland,” 134.

⁴⁰ Hetherington, Sheila, Katharine Atholl, 1874–1960: Against the Tide (Aberdeen, 1989), 78.Google Scholar

⁴¹ Ibid., 72. Several other committee members lost close relatives in the war: Balfour of Burleigh lost his eldest son. The Scot, at Hame an' Abroad, 1 October 1921 (“The Official Organ of the Victorian Scottish Union and many Societies of the Commonwealth, State Library of Victoria, Australia”); Maxwell lost his younger son; Adam Smith lost two sons; Younger lost two sons in action, one in the Boer War, one in the First World War.

⁴² Hetherington, Katharine Atholl, 84.

⁴³ Ibid., 94.

⁴⁴ He sold half of his estate in 1926, and a few years later he resolved his remaining substantial debts by the formation of a company that took over all the estate's assets, an arrangement that also entailed Lady Cowdray (grandmother of the wife of the heir to the Atholl dukedom and the wife of a memorial donor) paying off nearly £400,000 of debt. Ibid., 128; Hutchison, “The Nobility and Politics in Scotland,” 138–40.

⁴⁵ David Erskine to Atholl, 8 September 1919, Acc. 4714/2, NLS.

⁴⁶ With interest this amounted to £144,000 and was sufficient for the new design for the memorial that was drawn up in 1923 amid controversy in Edinburgh concerning the overbearing nature of an earlier design that would have cost £250,000. “Narrative of the Scottish National War Memorial scheme from its inception by the chairman,” 25 January 1923, Acc. 4714/1, NLS; Final report by the Committee of the Scottish National War Memorial, February 1931, Acc. 4714/3, NLS; Atholl to Lord Novar (Secretary for Scotland), 14 May 1923, Acc. 4714/10, NLS. For further details of the controversy, see Macleod, “Memorials and Location.”

⁴⁷ “Sir A. P. Lyle. Death of Scottish Shipowner. Gifts to Public Funds,” Scotsman, 12 December 1933.

⁴⁸ Atholl to Baron Stamfordham (private secretary to the king), 10 May 1927, Acc. 4714/23, NLS.

⁴⁹ “Sir Alexander Park Lyle,” in Burke's Peerage and Baronetage (Crans, Switzerland, 1999), 1786.Google ScholarPubMed

⁵⁰ Atholl to Craig, 26 June 1936, Acc. 4714/15, NLS.

⁵¹ “Scottish National War Memorial Large Subscribers for Bank of Scotland Lists from May 1921 to August 1928,” “List of Large Subscribers since May 1927,” Acc. 4714/15, NLS.

⁵² Appeal pamphlet, March 1938, Acc. 4714/6, NLS.

⁵³ Letter from the Committee to “The Editor of ———,” 8 March 1921, Acc. 4714/6, NLS; Atholl to Robert Munro, 6 December 1920, Acc. 4714/36, NLS.

⁵⁴ Running total showing sources of subscriptions, 8 January 1923, Acc. 4714/6, NLS. Later in the month, Atholl noted that 744 burghs and parishes had taken part in Thistle Day (Narrative of the Scottish National War Memorial Scheme, 25 January 1923/1).

⁵⁵ Buettner, Elizabeth, “Haggis in the Raj: Private and Public Celebrations of Scottishness in Late Imperial India,” Scottish Historical Review 81, 2, no. 212 (October 2002): 212–39.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

⁵⁶ Allan and Carswell, The Thin Red Line, 36–37. Atholl to Dr. Stewart, 18 August 1918, Acc. 4714/1, NLS.

⁵⁷ Proposed scheme to raise funds for Scotland's National War Memorial (probably by A. Gibb, 1919?), Acc. 4714/2, NLS. Gibb had helped to raise more than £500,000 for the Red Cross during the war.

⁵⁸ Atholl to all committee members, 5 March 1921, Acc. 4714/6, NLS; “Death of the Duke of Atholl,” Scotsman, 17 March 1942. Harland-Jacobs, Jessica L., in Builders of Empire: Freemasons and British Imperialism, 1717–1927 (Chapel Hill, NC, 2007)Google Scholar, analyzes the close connection between Freemasonry and the spread and sustaining of the bonds of the British Empire.

⁵⁹ Printed leaflet, supplement to The Caledonian, December 1922, Federated Caledonian Society of South Africa, Acc. 4714/2, NLS.

⁶⁰ At Bannockburn on 23 June 1314, Robert the Bruce defeated Edward II's English army. Thistle Day was held on or about the closest Saturday to the anniversary—24 June 1922.

⁶¹ The Scot, at Hame an' Abroad, 1 January 1921.

⁶² Running total showing sources of subscriptions, 8 January 1923, Acc. 4714/6, NLS.

⁶³ Colley, Linda, Britons: Forging the Nation, 1707–1837 (London, 2003)Google Scholar.

⁶⁴ Breitenbach, Esther, “Empire, Religion and National Identity: Scottish Christian Imperialism in the 19th and Early 20th Centuries” (PhD diss., University of Edinburgh, 2005), 239, 45.Google Scholar

⁶⁵ McLeod, Hugh, “Protestantism and British National Identity, 1815–1945,” in Nation and Religion: Perspectives on Europe and Asia, ed. van der Veer, Peter and Lehmann, Hartmut (Princeton, NJ, 1999), 44.Google Scholar

⁶⁶ Letter fragment, n.d., LOR E/122/80/7, MS 922/5, Lorimer and Matthew Papers, Royal Commission on the Ancient and Historical Monuments of Scotland, Edinburgh.

⁶⁷ Atholl, Scotsman, 28 June 1917; Atholl to J. Lawton Wingate, 27 February 1919, Acc. 4714/36, NLS; Scottish National War Memorial, minutes of meeting held 15 January 1919, Acc. 4714/1, NLS; “Report on proposed Scottish National War Memorial by Sir Robert Lorimer, ARSA, FSA, FRIBA, Architect, 17 Great Stuart Street, Edinburgh, 28th April 1919,” Appendix II of Cmd. 279, HMSO, Edinburgh 1919, NLS.

⁶⁸ In doing so, Lorimer followed a suggestion by David Erskine: John Stirling Maxwell to Duchess of Atholl, 10 January 1952, Acc. 4714/28, NLS.

⁶⁹ Concerns expressed by Lord Edward Salvesen, “Edinburgh Castle War Memorial,” Scotsman, 22 February 1919, and by committee member, Herbert Maxwell, Maxwell to Atholl, 10 February 1919, Acc. 4714/1, NLS; Atholl to Secretary for Scotland, 19 January 1919, Acc. 4714/1, NLS.

⁷⁰ Lorimer, Appendix II of Cmd. 279, HMSO, Edinburgh 1919, NLS.

⁷¹ Henry V. Morton, “The Soul of Scotland,” Daily Express, 28 September 1928, box 34, Acc. 7445, Papers of the late Charles D’Orville Pilkington Jackson Esq., associate of the Royal Scottish Academy and fellow, Royal Society of British Sculptors, NLS.

⁷² Gwladys Norton Griffiths to Atholl, 31 August 1927, Acc. 4714/34, NLS.

⁷³ MacDonald, “‘Let Us Now Praise the Name of Famous Men,’” 121–23.

⁷⁴ See Deas, Francis W., The Scottish National War Memorial Official Guide (Edinburgh, 1928), 26–27.Google Scholar

⁷⁵ Pilkington Jackson, press release, 3 November 1930, box 34, Acc. 7445, NLS.

⁷⁶ Atholl to Pilkington Jackson, 23 December 1927, Acc. 4714/20, NLS.

⁷⁷ Lorimer, Appendix II, Cmd. 279, HMSO, Edinburgh 1919, NLS.

⁷⁸ “Report on proposed Scottish National War Memorial,” Cmd. 279, HMSO, Edinburgh 1919, Acc. 4714/1, NLS. The museum became a secondary part of the memorial scheme and opened in 1933.

⁷⁹ These caused some anxiety for Swinton (who had become Lyon King) because these devices were not all officially registered as coats of arms. Lorimer to Swinton, 12 February 1927, Acc. 4714/11, NLS.

⁸⁰ Laqueur, Thomas W., “Memory and Naming in the Great War,” in Commemorations: The Politics of National Identity, ed. Gillis, John R. (Princeton, NJ, 1994), 164.Google Scholar

⁸¹ Hilda Murray, Oban, to Atholl, 23 October 1927, Acc. 4714/34, NLS.

⁸² To turn this on its head, the inclusion of a variety of individuals as “Scottish” also tends to obscure their nationality; for example, the significant numbers of Irish-born soldiers fighting in “Scottish” regiments were overlooked (McFarland, Elaine, “‘Our Country's Heroes’: Irish Catholics in Scotland and the Great War,” in New Perspectives on Irish Migration in Scotland, ed. Mitchell, Martin J. [Edinburgh, 2007]Google Scholar).

⁸³ Calder, “The Scottish National War Memorial,” 71.

⁸⁴ Atholl to Swinton, 10 September 1926, Acc. 4714/11, NLS. I am grateful to Professor Gary Sheffield for his guidance on this point.

⁸⁵ “Report on proposed Scottish National War Memorial,” Cmd. 279, HMSO, Edinburgh 1919, Acc. 4714/1, NLS.

⁸⁶ Spencer Ewart to Atholl, 15 May 1919, Acc. 4714/19, NLS.

⁸⁷ Haig to Sir John Gilmour, Scottish Office, 31 January 1928, Acc. 4714/21, NLS. For further details of the mourning inspired by Haig's death, Todman, see Daniel, “‘Sans peur et sans reproche': The Retirement, Death, and Mourning of Sir Douglas Haig, 1918–1928,” Journal of Military History 67, no. 4 (October 2003): 1083–1106.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

⁸⁸ Deas, The Scottish National War Memorial Official Guide, 20–22.

⁸⁹ Col. Turnbull to Capt. F. W. Colledge, 11 November 1927, Acc. 4714/12, NLS; Minute of meeting of the Executive and Finance Committees of the Scottish National War Memorial Board, 9 August 1954, Acc. 4714/35, NLS; Minute of meeting of the Executive and Finance Committees of the Scottish National War Memorial Board, 19 April 1955, Acc. 4714/35, NLS.

⁹⁰ Atholl to George A. Waters, 29 November 1926, Acc. 4714/19, NLS.

⁹¹ Grayzel, Susan R., Women's Identities at War: Gender, Motherhood and Politics in Britain and France during the First World War (Chapel Hill, NC, 1999), 231–36.Google Scholar A rare exception is the Five Sisters Window in York Minster.

⁹² Deas, The Scottish National War Memorial Official Guide, 26. See also Kidd, William, “‘To the Lads Who Came Back’: Memorial Windows and Rolls of Honour in Scotland,” in Memory and Memorials: The Commemorative Century, ed. Kidd, William and Murdoch, Brian (Aldershot, 2004), 121–22.Google Scholar

⁹³ William Stewart, “The Royal Tour: Some Thoughts on War Memorials,” Forward, 23 July 1927.

⁹⁴ King, Alex, Memorials of the Great War in Britain: The Symbolism and Politics of Remembrance (Oxford, 1998), 81.Google Scholar

⁹⁵ Winter, Sites of Memory, Sites of Mourning, 104.

⁹⁶ Savage, Peter, Lorimer and the Edinburgh Craft Designers (Edinburgh, 1980), 104.Google Scholar

⁹⁷ Atholl to the Moderator of the Church of Scotland, 14 July 1927, Acc. 4714/23, NLS; “Roman Catholics’ Service,” Scotsman, 15 July 1927. See also Gregory, Adrian, The Silence of Memory: Armistice Day, 1919–1946 (Oxford, 1994), 196–202.Google Scholar

⁹⁸ “Scottish National War Memorial,” n.d., Acc. 4714/24, NLS; “Summary of Proposed Ceremony on the Occasion of the Opening of the Scottish National War Memorial,” 16 May 1927, Acc. 4714/23, NLS.

⁹⁹ “Edinburgh Castle Shrine: Scotland's Tribute to 100,000 Dead,” Edinburgh Evening News, 14 July 1927, Acc. 4714/23, NLS.

¹⁰⁰ Atholl to County Clerk of Fife, 1 July 1927, Acc. 4714/23, NLS.

¹⁰¹ Atholl to Baxter (General Secretary, British Legion), 24 March 1927, Acc. 4714/23, NLS.

¹⁰² “Summary of Proposed Ceremony on the Occasion of the Opening of the Scottish National War Memorial,” Acc. 4714/23, NLS; List of those invited to opening ceremony, n.d., Acc. 4714/25, NLS; Atholl to Lord Provost, 24 April 1927, Acc. 4714/23, NLS.

¹⁰³ Granville Egerton to Colledge, 25 June 1927, Acc. 4714/23, NLS.

¹⁰⁴ Todman, Dan, The Great War: Myth and Memory (London, 2005), 51.Google Scholar

¹⁰⁵ Atholl to Wilfred Greenhough Allt, 20 June 1927, Acc. 4714/23, NLS.

¹⁰⁶ Atholl to John Reith, 7 April 1927, Acc. 4714/23, NLS; “Radio Programmes: Scottish War Memorial Opening,” Scotsman, 14 July 1927.

¹⁰⁷ John Warrack to Atholl, 9 August 1927, Acc. 4714/34, NLS.

¹⁰⁸ Order of ceremony, n.d., Acc. 4714/24, NLS.

¹⁰⁹ Atholl to the Moderator of the Church of Scotland, 14 July 1927, Acc. 4714/23, NLS.

¹¹⁰ “Edinburgh Castle Shrine: Scotland's Tribute to 100,000 Dead,” Edinburgh Evening News, 14 July 1927, Acc. 4714/23, NLS.

¹¹¹ “Scottish National War Memorial: Today's Opening by Prince of Wales; Order of Ceremony,” Glasgow Herald, 14 July 1927.

¹¹² “The National Memorial,” Inverness Courier, 15 July 1927.

¹¹³ “Scotland Remembers,” Aberdeen Press and Journal, 15 July 1927.

¹¹⁴ “Edinburgh Castle Shrine: Scotland's Tribute to 100,000 Dead,” Edinburgh Evening News, 14 July 1927, Acc. 4714/23, NLS.

¹¹⁵ Atholl to CSO Scottish Command, 24 May 1927, Acc. 4714/23, NLS; J. Wilson Paterson, Office of Works, Memorandum, 8 September 1927, Acc. 4714/12, NLS.

¹¹⁶ William Taylor, Managing Director of David Macdonald Ltd to F.W. Deas, 15 August 1928, Acc. 4714/14, NLS.

¹¹⁷ SirWeaver, Lawrence, The Scottish National War Memorial at the Castle, Edinburgh: A Record and an Appreciation (London, 1927), 19.Google Scholar

¹¹⁸ “War Memorials,” Scotsman, 24 January 1945.

¹¹⁹ See, e.g., “A. and S. H. Scheme for Houses,” Scotsman, 19 January 1946.

¹²⁰ “Scottish War Memorial,” Scotsman, 16 June 1949.

¹²¹ “Houses for War-Disabled Men and Families: Thistle Foundation Suggested as War Memorial,” Scotsman, 26 July 1944.

¹²² “War Memorial: Ceremony at Edinburgh Castle; Dr Warr's Message,” Scotsman, 30 July 1949.

¹²³ Heathorn, “A ‘matter for artists, not for soldiers'?”; Gregory, The Silence of Memory.

¹²⁴ Finlay, Richard J., “Scotland in the Twentieth Century: In Defence of Oligarchy?” Scottish Historical Review 73, 1, no. 195 (April 1994): 106Google Scholar, and “National Identity in Crisis: Politicians, Intellectuals and the ‘End of Scotland,’ 1920–1939,” History 79, no. 256 (June 1994).Google Scholar

¹²⁵ Winter, Sites of Memory, Sites of Mourning.