Hostname: page-component-84b7d79bbc-c654p Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-07-29T16:17:48.577Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Deterministic model to evaluate the impact of lactational treatment of subclinical mastitis due to coagulase-negative staphylococci

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  21 July 2011

Ricardo Bexiga ,
Kathryn A Ellis ,
Cristina L Vilela  and
Dominic J Mellor
Ricardo Bexiga*
Affiliation:
Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Técnica de Lisboa, Avenida da Universidade Técnica, 1300-477 Lisboa, Portugal
Kathryn A Ellis
Affiliation:
Scottish Centre for Production Animal Health and Food Safety, Large Animal Clinical Sciences and Public Health, School of Veterinary Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Bearsden, Glasgow, G61 1QH, UK
Cristina L Vilela
Affiliation:
Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Técnica de Lisboa, Avenida da Universidade Técnica, 1300-477 Lisboa, Portugal
Dominic J Mellor
Affiliation:
Scottish Centre for Production Animal Health and Food Safety, Large Animal Clinical Sciences and Public Health, School of Veterinary Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Bearsden, Glasgow, G61 1QH, UK
*
*For correspondence; e-mail: ricardobexiga.apb@gmail.com
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Coagulase-negative staphylococci (CNS) are the most frequently isolated bacteria from milk samples in several studies worldwide. Despite their relative frequency, specific measures aiming at their control are not well established. One possible measure to include in a control programme is lactational antimicrobial treatment. The decision to perform such treatment, as well as other actions on farm, should be based on the likelihood of financial return. A deterministic model was used to evaluate whether performing an antimicrobial treatment during the lactation for quarters infected with CNS was financially justifiable. Input variables for the impact of CNS on udder health were based on a previous study by the same authors and on available literature on the subject. Prices included in the model were based on 2009/2010 conditions in Portugal. The average result per antimicrobial treated quarter was a net loss of €38·74. Performing a sensitivity analysis to evaluate how systematic variation of the input variables of the model would lead to outcome changes showed that variation in input variables nearly always led to a negative outcome, with the greatest variation in losses observed for variation in the length of treatment and milk withdrawal period (−€46·26 to −€28·49). The situations in which a net benefit was to be expected included the bulk tank somatic cell count decreasing to a level corresponding to a premium payment or to penalties being avoided, and the prevention of transmission of CNS in the milking parlour when the possibility of transmission was at its highest level. For most situations, lactational treatment of CNS subclinical mastitis was not financially justifiable.

Keywords

Deterministic modelCNS mastitislactational therapy
Type
Research Article
Information
Journal of Dairy Research , Volume 78 , Issue 3 , August 2011 , pp. 318 - 325
Copyright
Copyright © Proprietors of Journal of Dairy Research 2011

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Allore, HG & Erb, HN 1998 Partial budget of the discounted annual benefit of mastitis control strategies. Journal of Dairy Science 81 2280–2292CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Barkema, HW, Schukken, YH & Zadoks, RN 2006 Invited review: the role of cow, pathogen, and treatment regimen in the therapeutic success of bovine Staphylococcus aureus mastitis. Journal of Dairy Science 89 1877–1895CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Barlow, JW, White, LJ, Zadoks, R & Schukken, YH 2009 A mathematical model demonstrating indirect and overall effects of lactation therapy targeting subclinical mastitis in dairy herds. Preventive Veterinary Medicine 90 31–42CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Borm, AA, Fox, LK, Leslie, KE, Hogan, JS, Andrew, SM, Moyes, KM & Oliver, SP 2006 Effects of prepartum intramammary antibiotic therapy on udder health, milk production, and reproductive performance in dairy heifers. Journal of Dairy Science 89 2090–2098CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Call, DR, Davis, MA & Sawant, AA 2008 Antimicrobial resistance in beef and dairy cattle production. Animal Health Research Reviews 92 159–167CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dijkhuizen, AA & Morris, RS 1997 Animal health economics—principles and applications. University of Sydney, Australia: Post Graduate Foundation in Veterinary ScienceGoogle Scholar
Djabri, B, Bareille, N, Beaudeau, F & Seegers, H 2002 Quarter milk somatic cell count in infected dairy cows: a meta-analysis. Veterinary Research 33 335–357CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Edmonson, PW 1989 An economic justification of ‘blitz’ therapy to eradicate Streptococcus agalactiae from a dairy herd. Veterinary Record 125 591–593Google Scholar
Esslemont, RJ & Kossaibati, MA 1997 Culling in 50 dairy herds in England. Veterinary Record 140 36–39CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Foret, CJ, Corbellini, C, Young, S & Janowicz, P 2005 Efficacy of two iodine teat dips based on reduction of naturally occurring new intramammary infections. Journal of Dairy Science 88 426–432CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Gabinete de Planeamento e Políticas Sistema de Informação de Mercados Agrícolas. Available at http://www.gpp.pt/cot/Google Scholar
Green, LE, Schukken, YH & Green, MJ 2006 On distinguishing cause and consequence: do high somatic cell counts lead to lower milk yield or does high milk yield lead to lower somatic cell count? Preventive Veterinary Medicine 76 74–89CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Gröhn, YT, Wilson, DJ, González, RN, Hertl, JA, Schulte, H, Bennett, G & Schukken, YH 2004 Effect of pathogen-specific clinical mastitis on milk yield in dairy cows. Journal of Dairy Science 87 3358–3374CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hagnestam-Nielsen, C, Emanuelson, U, Berglund, B & Strandberg, E 2009 Relationship between somatic cell count and milk yield in different stages of lactation. Journal of Dairy Science 92 3124–3133CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Jayarao, BM, Gillespie, BE, Lewis, MJ, Dowlen, HH & Oliver, SP 1999 Epidemiology of Streptococcus uberis intramammary infections in a dairy herd. Zentralblatt fur Veterinarmedizin Riehe B 46 433–442Google Scholar
Makovec, JA & Ruegg, PL 2003 Results of milk samples submitted for microbiological examination in Wisconsin from 1994 to 2001. Journal of Dairy Science 86 3466–3472CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
McDougall, S 1998 Efficacy of two antibiotic treatments in curing clinical and subclinical mastitis in lactating dairy cows. New Zealand Veterinary Journal 46 226–232CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Noguera, M, Foix, A, Prenafeta, A, Guix, R & March, R 2010 Evaluation of the efficacy of a new vaccine against bovine mastitis caused by CNS: field trial results. Seminar on Coagulase-negative Staphylococci on the Bovine, Ghent, Belgium, 15–16 September 2010, pp. 39–40Google Scholar
Oliver, SP, Lewis, MJ, Gillespie, BE, Dowlen, HH, Jaenicke, EC & Roberts, RK 2003 Prepartum antibiotic treatment of heifers: milk production, milk quality and economic benefit. Journal of Dairy Science 86 1187–1193CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Oliver, SP, Gillespie, BE, Ivey, SJ, Lewis, MJ, Johnson, DL, Lamar, KC, Moorehead, H, Dowlen, HH, Chester, ST & Hallberg, JW 2004 Influence of prepartum pirlimycin hydrochloride or penicillin-novobiocin therapy on mastitis in heifers during early lactation. Journal of Dairy Science 87 1727–1731CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Piepers, S, Opsomer, G, Barkema, HW, de Kruif, A & De Vliegher, S 2010 Heifers infected with coagulase-negative staphylococci in early lactation have fewer cases of clinical mastitis and higher milk production in their first lactation than noninfected heifers. Journal of Dairy Science 93 2014–2024CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Østerås, O, Sølverød, L & Reksen, O 2006. Milk culture results in a large Norwegian survey—effects of season, parity, days in milk, resistance and clustering. Journal of Dairy Science 89 1010–1023CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rajala-Schultz, PJ, Torres, AH, DeGraves, FJ, Gebreyes, WA & Patchanee, P 2009 Antimicrobial resistance and genotypic characterization of coagulase-negative staphylococci over the dry period. Veterinary Microbiology 134 55–64CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Reksen, O, Sølverød, L & Østerås, O 2007 Relationships between milk culture results and milk yield in Norwegian dairy cattle. Journal of Dairy Science 90 4670–4678CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Schukken, YH, Gonzalez, RN, Tikofsky, LL, Schulte, HF, Santisteban, CG, Welcome, FL, Bennett, GJ, Zurakowski, MJ & Zadoks, RN 2009 CNS mastitis: nothing to worry about? Veterinary Microbiology 134 9–14CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Seegers, H, Beaudeau, F, Fourichon, C & Bareille, N 1998 Reasons for culling in French Holstein cows. Preventive Veterinary Medicine 36 257–271CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Seegers, H, Fourichon, C & Beaudeau, F 2003 Production effects related to mastitis and mastitis economics in dairy cattle herds. Veterinary Research 34 475–491CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Steine, G, Kristofersson, D & Guttormsen, AG 2008 Economic evaluation of the breeding goal for Norwegian red cattle. Journal of Dairy Science 91 418–426CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Steeneveld, W, Swinkels, J & Hogeveen, H 2007 Stochastic modelling to assess economic effects of treatment of chronic subclinical mastitis caused by Streptococcus uberis. Journal of Dairy Research 74 459–467CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
St.Rose, SG, Swinkels, JM, Kremer, WDJ, Kruitwagen, CLJJ & Zadoks, RN 2003 Effect of penethamate hydriodide treatment on bacteriological cure, somatic cell count and milk production of cows and quarters with chronic subclinical Streptococcus uberis or Streptococcus dysgalactiae infection. Journal of Dairy Research 70 387–394CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Swinkels, JM, Hogeveen, H & Zadoks, RN 2005a A partial budget model to estimate economic benefits of lactational treatment of subclinical Staphylococcus aureus mastitis. Journal of Dairy Science 88 4273–4287CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Swinkels, JM, Rooijendijk, JGA, Zadoks, RN & Hogeveen, H 2005b Use of partial budgeting to determine the economic benefits of antibiotic treatment of chronic subclinical mastitis caused by Streptococcus uberis or Streptococcus dysgalactiae. Journal of Dairy Research 72 75–85CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Taponen, S, Simojoki, H, Haveri, M, Larsen, HD & Pyörälä, S 2006 Clinical characteristics and persistence of bovine mastitis caused by different species of coagulase-negative staphylococci identified with API or AFLP. Veterinary Microbiology 115 199–207CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Taponen, S, Björkroth, J & Pyörälä, S 2008 Coagulase-negative staphylococci isolated from extramammary sites and intramammary infections in a single herd. Journal of Dairy Research 75 422–429CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Taponen, S & Pyörälä, S 2009 Coagulase-negative staphylococci as cause of bovine mastitis—not so different from Staphylococcus aureus? Veterinary Microbiology 134 29–36CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Tenhagen, BA, Koster, G, Wallmann, J & Heuwieser, W 2006 Prevalence of mastitis pathogens and their resistance against antimicrobial agents in dairy cows in Brandenburg, Germany. Journal of Dairy Science 89 2542–2551CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Tikofsky, L, Barlow, JW, Santisteban, C & Schukken, YH 2003 A comparison of antimicrobial susceptibility patterns for Staphylococcus aureus in organic and conventional dairy herds. Microbial Drug Resistance 9 39–45CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Timms, LL & Schultz, LH 1987 Dynamics and significance of coagulase-negative staphylococcal intramammary infections. Journal of Dairy Science 70 2648–2657CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
van den Borne, BH, Halasa, T, van Schaik, G, Hogeveen, H & Nielen, M 2010a Bioeconomic modeling of lactational treatment of new bovine subclinical intramammary infections caused by contagious pathogens. Journal of Dairy Science 93 4034–4044CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
van den Borne, BH, van Schaik, G, Lam, TJ & Nielen, M 2010b Therapeutic effects of antimicrobial treatment during lactation of recently acquired bovine subclinical mastitis: two linked randomized field trials. Journal of Dairy Science 93 218–233CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Whitaker, DA, Kelly, JM & Smith, S 2000 Disposal and disease rates in 340 British dairy herds. Veterinary Record 146 363–367CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Wilson, DJ, Gonzalez, RN, Case, KL, Garrison, LL & Grohn, YT 1999 Comparison of seven antibiotic treatments with no treatment for bacteriological efficacy against bovine mastitis pathogens. Journal of Dairy Science 82 1664–1670CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Yamagata, M, Goodger, WJ, Weaver, L & Franti, C 1987 The economic benefit of treating subclinical Streptococcus agalactiae mastitis in lactating cows. Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association 191 1556–1561Google ScholarPubMed
Zadoks, RN, Gillespie, BE, Barkema, HW, Sampimon, OC, Oliver, SP & Schukken, YH 2003 Clinical, epidemiological and molecular characteristics of Streptococcus uberis infections in dairy herds. Epidemiology and Infection 130 335–349CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed