Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-dlnhk Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-23T00:08:25.764Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Recovery of Cronobacter sakazakii from environmental surface swabbing materials using a 5-h enrichment procedure

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  09 June 2010

Denise Lindsay ,
Ben Somerton ,
Bruce Hill  and
Owen Shrubb
Denise Lindsay*
Affiliation:
Fonterra Research Centre, Fitzherbert Science Centres, Dairy Farm Road, Palmerston North, New Zealand
Ben Somerton
Affiliation:
Fonterra Research Centre, Fitzherbert Science Centres, Dairy Farm Road, Palmerston North, New Zealand
Bruce Hill
Affiliation:
Fonterra Research Centre, Fitzherbert Science Centres, Dairy Farm Road, Palmerston North, New Zealand
Owen Shrubb
Affiliation:
Fonterra Research Centre, Fitzherbert Science Centres, Dairy Farm Road, Palmerston North, New Zealand
*
*For correspondence; e-mail: denise lindsay@fonterra.com
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

This study aimed to reduce the time taken to detect low numbers of Cronobacter sakazakii inoculated onto environmental swabs (100, 10 or 1 cfu per swab) using a simple plating procedure for application in a dairy testing laboratory. Three types of environmental swabs (Biolab FlexiSwab™, gauze swabs and the Whatman SwabCheck Polywipe™ sponge) were inoculated with either Cron. sakazakii in single culture or Cron. sakazakii together with Citrobacter freundii. A 5-h enrichment procedure of swabs in Cronobacter enrichment broth at 37°C prior to plating was then compared with no enrichment or 24-h enrichment. The 5-h enrichment procedure was as efficient at detecting Cron. sakazakii on environmental swabs at low cell concentrations (100 cfu per swab), and in pure culture or in competition with other coliforms (Citrobacter), as pre-enrichment for 24 h. This protocol was also successful in detecting 10 cfu per swab 80% of the time. The results also indicated that the type of swab selected for use in environmental safety programmes is influential on the outcome, with the FlexiSwab™ and gauze swabs being the most efficient swabbing materials evaluated in this study.

Keywords

EnrichmentrecoveryCronobacter sakazakiienvironmental swabs
Type
Research Article
Information
Journal of Dairy Research , Volume 77 , Issue 3 , August 2010 , pp. 325 - 330
Copyright
Copyright © Proprietors of Journal of Dairy Research 2010

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Dupont, C & Augustin, JC 2009 Influence of stress on single-cell lag time and growth probability for Listeria monocytogenes in half Fraser broth. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 75 3069–3076CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Edelson-Mammel, SG & Buchanan, RL 2004 Thermal inactivation of Enterobacter sakazakii in rehydrated infant formula. Journal of Food Protection 67 60–63CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Gurtler, JB, Kornacki, JL & Beuchat, LR 2005 Enterobacter sakazakii: a coliform of increased concern to infant health. International Journal of Food Microbiology 104 1–34CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hein, I, Gadzov, B, Schoder, D, Foissy, H, Malorny, B & Wagner, M 2009 Temporal and spatial distribution of Cronobacter isolates in a milk powder processing plant determined by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. Foodborne Pathogens and Disease 6 225–233CrossRefGoogle Scholar
International Organization for Standardization 2004 Microbiology of food and animal feeding stuffs − Horizontal method for sampling techniques from surfaces using contact plates and swabs. Geneva: ISO (ISO Standard 18593:2004)Google Scholar
International Organization for Standardization 2006 Milk and milk products − Detection of Enterobacter sakazakii. Geneva: ISO (ISO/TS Standard 22964:2006)Google Scholar
Jasson, V, Uyttendaele, M, Rajkovic, A & Debevere, J 2007 Establishment of procedures provoking sub-lethal injury of Listeria monocytogenes, Campylobacter jejuni and Escherichia coli O157 to serve method performance testing. International Journal of Food Microbiology 118 241–249CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Lehner, A, Nitzsche, S, Breeuwer, P, Diep, B, Thelen, K & Stephan, R 2006 Comparison of two chromogenic media and evaluation of two molecular based identification systems for Enterobacter sakazakii detection. BMC Microbiology 6 15 doi:10.1186/1471-2180-6-15CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Martins, ML, Pinto, CLO, Rocha, RB, de Araújo, EF & Vanetti, MCD 2006 Genetic diversity of Gram-negative, proteolytic, psychrotrophic bacteria isolated from refrigerated raw milk. International Journal of Food Microbiology 111 144–148CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Moore, G & Griffith, C 2007 Problems associated with traditional hygiene swabbing: the need for in-house standardization. Journal of Applied Microbiology 103 1090–1103CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Mullane, NR, Whyte, P, Wall, PG, Quinn, T & Fanning, S 2007 Application of pulsed-field gel electrophoresis to characterise and trace the prevalence of Enterobacter sakazakii in an infant formula processing facility. International Journal of Food Microbiology 116 73–81CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nazarowec-White, M, McKellar, RC & Piyasena, P 1999 Predictive modelling of Enterobacter sakazakii inactivation in bovine milk during high-temperature short-time pasteurization. Food Research International 32 375–379CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nugen, SR & Baeumner, AJ 2008 Trends and opportunities in food pathogen detection. Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry 391 451–454CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Reij, MW, Den Aantrekker, ED & ILSI Europe Risk Analysis in Microbiology Task Force (2004) Recontamination as a source of pathogens in processed foods. International Journal of Food Microbiology 91 1–11CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed