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Growth restriction before and after birth increases kinase signaling pathways in the adult rat heart

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  19 November 2010

G. D. Wadley ,
M. E. Wlodek ,
G. Ng ,
C. Goodman ,
C. Stathis  and
G. K. McConell
G. D. Wadley
Affiliation:
Department of Physiology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia Centre for Physical Activity and Nutrition Research, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Burwood, Victoria, Australia
M. E. Wlodek
Affiliation:
Department of Physiology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
G. Ng
Affiliation:
Department of Physiology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
C. Goodman
Affiliation:
Department of Physiology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
C. Stathis
Affiliation:
Institute of Sport, Exercise and Active Living and the School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Victoria University, Victoria, Australia
G. K. McConell*
Affiliation:
Department of Physiology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia Institute of Sport, Exercise and Active Living and the School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Victoria University, Victoria, Australia
*
*Address for correspondence: Dr G. McConell, Institute of Sport, Exercise and Active Living and the School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Victoria University, Victoria 8001, Australia. (Email glenn.mcconell@vu.edu.au)
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Abstract

To investigate the mechanisms for the previously reported development of adult cardiac hypertrophy in male rats following growth restriction, the levels of oxidative stress and activation of signaling kinases were measured in the left ventricle (LV) of adult rat offspring. In experiment one, bilateral uterine vessel ligation to induce uteroplacental insufficiency and growth restriction in the offspring (Restricted) or sham surgery was performed during pregnancy. Litters from sham mothers had litter size either reduced (Reduced Litter), which also restricted postnatal growth, or were left unaltered (Control). In males, Reduced Litter offspring had increased LV phosphorylation of AMPKα, p38 MAPK and Akt compared with Restricted and Controls (P < 0.05). In females, both Restricted and Reduced Litter adult offspring had increased LV phosphorylation of p38 MAPK and Akt, however, only Restricted offspring had increased phosphorylation of AMPKα (P < 0.05). In addition, only Restricted male offspring displayed LV oxidative stress (P < 0.05). Experiment two investigated in mothers exposed to uteroplacental insufficiency or sham surgery the effects of cross-fostering offspring at birth, and therefore the effects of the postnatal lactational environment. Surprisingly, the cross-fostering itself resulted in increased LV phosphorylation of AMPKα and Akt in females and increased phosphorylation of Akt in males compared with Control non-cross-fostered offspring (P < 0.05). In conclusion, kinase signaling in the adult LV can be programmed by uteroplacental insufficiency induced growth restriction in a gender-specific manner. In addition, the heart of adult rats is also sensitive to programming following the postnatal intervention of cross-fostering alone as well as by postnatal growth restriction.

Keywords

developmentcardiac musclekinasesfoetal programming
Type
Original Articles
Information
Journal of Developmental Origins of Health and Disease , Volume 1 , Issue 6 , December 2010 , pp. 376 - 385
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press and the International Society for Developmental Origins of Health and Disease 2010

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