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Published online by Cambridge University Press: 25 March 2011
The coronation of Edward VII at the beginning of this century was an unfamiliar scene in Westminster Abbey after the long rule of Victoria, and it elicited a spate of scholarly investigations into those ancient ceremonies. As one of the minor fruits of this renewed interest, a controversy was carried on concerning the ceremonial of the coronation of Elizabeth I on 15 January 1559. Three questions occupied the centre of the stage: Who celebrated the mass: Owen Oglethorpe, the bishop who anointed and crowned her, or George Carew, the priest whom she had made dean of the Chapel Royal? Were the consecrated elements elevated during the canon of the mass? Did Elizabeth withdraw during the consecration to the chapel of St. Edward behind the high altar?
page 161 note 1 For the printed sources of this well-known incident, see Calendar of Letters and State Papers … preserved … in Simancas, i. (1558–67), ed. Hume, Martin A. S., London 1892Google Scholar, (hereafter cited as CSP., Sp.), 17: Feria to Philip, 29 December 1558; Calendar of State Papers and Manuscripts … in … Venice, vii (1558–80), ed. Brown, Rawdon and Bentinck, G. Cavendish, London 1890Google Scholar (hereinafter cited as CSP., Ven.), 2: Il Schifanoya, 31 December; Sander, Nicholas, ‘Report to Cardinal Moroni on the Change of Religion in 1558–59’, ed. Pollen, J. H. in Catholic Record Society, Miscellanea, London 1905, i. no. 1Google Scholar; Bayne, C. G., ‘The Coronation of Queen Elizabeth’, E.H.R., xxii (1907), 662CrossRefGoogle Scholar, taken from Annales Ecclesiastices, xxiv, Rome 1737.
page 162 note 1 Bayne, C. G., E.H.R., xxii (1907), 650–73CrossRefGoogle Scholar; Wilson, H. A., ‘The English Coronation Orders’, The Journal of Theological Studies, ii (1901), 481–504, esp. 497.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
page 162 note 2 ‘The Coronation of Queen Elizabeth’, E.H.R., xxiii (1908), 87–91.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
page 162 note 3 ‘Il Schifanoya's Account of the Coronation of Queen Elizabeth’, E.H.R., xxiii (1908), 533–4.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
page 162 note 4 ‘The Coronation of Queen Elizabeth’, E.H.R., xxiv (1909), 322–3.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
page 162 note 5 ‘The Coronation of Queen Elizabeth’, E.H.R., xxv (1910), 125–26.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
page 162 note 6 An Elizabethan Garland, London 1953, 11–28Google Scholar, ‘The Coronation of Queen Elizabeth I’, also in History Today, iii (1953), 301–10.Google Scholar
page 162 note 7 E.H.R., xxii. 650.
page 163 note 1 Acts of the Privy Council of England, ed. Dasent, J. R., New Series, vii, London 1893, 19Google Scholar and 42: 13 December 1558 and 11 January 1559.
page 163 note 2 The author of a pamphlet printed on 23 January attempted to turn the procession into a protestant victory-march by emphasising certain incidents and ignoring others en route; Pollard, A. F. reprinted it in Tudor Tracts: 1532–1588, New York 1903, no. 14Google Scholar; ‘The Passage of our most dread Sovereign Lady, Queen Elizabeth, through the City of London to Westminster, the day before her Coronation’.
page 163 note 3 The Diary of Henry Machyn, ed. Nichols, J. G., Camden Society xlii, London 1848, 186–7.Google Scholar
page 163 note 4 E.H.R., xxii. 654 and 670.
page 163 note 5 E.H.R., xxii. 671.
page 163 note 6 CSP., Ven., vii, 17: 23 January 1559.
page 164 note 1 British Museum, Egerton MS. 3320, fol. 17a.
page 164 note 2 The first part of the quotation is taken from the Venetian Calendar (vii. 17), but from the words ‘without elevating’, the rest of the quotation is a translation from G. L. Ross's text of the Italian (E.H.R., xxiii. 533). Whatever II Schifanoya may have meant by suggesting that Carew consecrated in the English language, that is a much easier misunderstanding to explain than the statement in the calendar that he did not consecrate the host at all.
page 164 note 3 E.H.R., xxiv. 322 from Precis Historiques, Brussels 1890, xxxix. 347; translation from the Spanish text which Bayne reproduces.
page 165 note 1 Obras Escojidas del P. Pedro de Rivadeneira, Tomo 60 of Biblioteca de Autores Españoles, Madrid 1952, ‘Cisma de Inglaterra’, 256; a translation.
page 165 note 1 E.H.R., xxv. 125, from Kerwyn de Lettenhove, Relations des Pays-Bas et de l'Angleterre, i. 411; not in the Spanish Calendar; I am indebted to the Revd. Victor Burset for his help in considering possible translations of this passage.
page 165 note 3 CSP., Ven., vii. 24–5: Tiepolo to Doge and Senate, 1 February 1559; C.R.S., Miscellany, i. 7 and 31.
page 165 note 4 E.H.R., xxv. 125–6.
page 166 note 1 Correspondance Diplomatique de Bertrant de Salignac de la Mothe Fénelon, Ambassadeur de France en Angleterre de 1568 à 1575, ed. Cooper, C. P., Paris and London 1840, iv. 65–7; translation.Google Scholar
page 166 note 2 C.R.S., Miscellany, i. 7 and 31.
page 166 note 3 Pollen, John Hungerford, The English Catholics in the Reign of Queen Elizabeth, London 1920, 25.Google Scholar
page 167 note 1 E.H.R., xxii. 670, English Report.
page 167 note 2 CSP., Ven., vii. 17; 23 January 1559.
page 167 note 3 The opening ceremonies are described by Machyn (Diary, 187) and by Il Schifanoya (CSP., Ven., vii. 16; 23 January). The English Report said that ‘a Bishop’ preached the sermon (E.H.R., xxii. 667).
page 167 note 4 E.H.R., xxii. 670–1; italics mine.
page 167 note 5 B.M. Egerton MS. 3320, fol. 21b.
page 167 note 6 An Elizabethan Garland, 21.
page 168 note 1 E.H.R., xxii. 668 and CSP., Ven., vii. 17.
page 168 note 2 D'Ewes, Simonds, The Journals of all the Parliaments during the Reign of Queen Elizabeth, London 1682, 58–9: 12 January 1563.Google Scholar
page 168 note 3 B.M. Egerton MS. 3320, fol. 22a.
page 168 note 4 E.H.R., xxii. 667, English Report.
page 168 note 5 Three Coronation Orders, ed. Legg, J. Wickham, Henry Bradshaw Society, xix. London 1900, 6, 35, 82, 98, 99, 101, and 106.Google Scholar
page 168 note 6 Legg, L. G. Wickham, English Coronation Records, London 1901, 268.Google Scholar
page 169 note 1 E.H.R., xxiii. 90.
page 169 note 2 See E.H.R., xxii. 666; xxiii. 90; xxv. 125–6.
page 169 note 3 CSP., Sp., i. 25.
