Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-t7czq Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-02T11:07:29.278Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Common Macro Factors and Currency Premia

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  15 August 2017

Abstract

We study the role of domestic and global factors in the payoffs of portfolios mimicking carry, dollar-carry, and momentum strategies. Using factors summarizing large data sets of macroeconomic and financial variables, we find that global equity-market factors are predictive for carry-trade returns, whereas U.S. inflation and consumption variables drive dollar-carry-trade payoffs, momentum returns are predominantly driven by U.S. inflation factors, and global factors capture the countercyclical nature of currency premia. We also find predictability in the exchange-rate component of each strategy and demonstrate strong economic value for risk-averse investors with mean-variance preferences, regardless of base currency.

Type
Research Article
Copyright
Copyright © Michael G. Foster School of Business, University of Washington 2017 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

Footnotes

1

We thank Stephen Brown (the editor) and Richard Levich (the referee) for helpful and constructive comments on a previous version of this article. We are also grateful to Söhnke Bartram, Andrew Karolyi, Leonid Kogan, Michael Melvin, Michael Moore, Ingmar Nolte, Alessandro Palandri, Jon Rushman, Gideon Saar, Alex Stremme, Avanidhar Subrahmanyam, David Thesmar, and seminar participants at the Warwick Business School Finance Workshop, the 2013 International Conference of the Financial Engineering and Banking Society (FEBS) at the ESCP Europe Paris Campus, and the 2015 Inquire Business School Seminar at Warwick Business School at the Shard for useful conversations and comments. The financial support of the U.K. Economic and Social Research Council is also gratefully acknowledged.

References

Akram, Q. F.; Rime, D.; and Sarno, L.. “Arbitrage in the Foreign Exchange Market: Turning on the Microscope.” Journal of International Economics, 76 (2008), 237253.Google Scholar
Allen, H., and Taylor, M. P.. “Charts, Noise and Fundamentals in the London Foreign Exchange Market.” Economic Journal, 100 (1990), 4959.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Amihud, Y.; Hurvich, C. M.; and Wang, Y.. “Multiple-Predictor Regressions: Hypothesis Testing.” Review of Financial Studies, 22 (2009), 413434.Google Scholar
Andrews, D. W. K.Heteroskedasticity and Autocorrelation Consistent Covariance Matrix Estimation.” Econometrica, 59 (1991), 817858.Google Scholar
Baba, N., and Packer, F.. “Interpreting Deviations from Covered Interest Parity during the Financial Market Turmoil of 2007–08.” Journal of Banking and Finance, 33 (2009), 19531962.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bacchetta, P., and Wincoop, E. V.. “A Scapegoat Model of Exchange-Rate Fluctuations.” American Economic Review, 94 (2004), 114118.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bacchetta, P., and Wincoop, E. V.. “On the Unstable Relationship between Exchange Rates and Macroeconomic Fundamentals.” Journal of International Economics, 91 (2013), 1826.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bai, J., and Ng, S.. “Determining the Number of Factors in Approximate Factor Models.” Econometrica, 70 (2002), 191221.Google Scholar
Bai, J., and Ng, S.. “Large Dimensional Factor Analysis.” Foundations and Trends in Econometrics, 3 (2008), 89163.Google Scholar
Bakshi, G., and Panayotov, G.. “Predictability of Currency Carry Trades and Asset Pricing Implications.” Journal of Financial Economics, 110 (2013), 139163.Google Scholar
Bekaert, G.; Hodrick, R. J.; and Marshall, D. A.. “On Biases in Tests of the Expectations Hypothesis of the Term Structure of Interest Rates.” Journal of Financial Economics, 44 (1997), 309348.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bernanke, B. S., and Boivin, J.. “Monetary Policy in a Data-Rich Environment.” Journal of Monetary Economics, 50 (2003), 525546.Google Scholar
Bernanke, B. S.; Boivin, J.; and Eliasz, P.. “Measuring the Effects of Monetary Policy: A Factor-Augmented Vector Autoregressive (FAVAR) Approach.” Quarterly Journal of Economics, 120 (2005), 387422.Google Scholar
Bilson, J. F. O.The “Speculative Efficiency” Hypothesis.” Journal of Business, 53 (1981), 435451.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Brunnermeier, M. K.; Nagel, S.; and Pedersen, L. H.. “Carry Trades and Currency Crashes.” NBER Working Paper No. 14473 (2008).Google Scholar
Burnside, C.; Eichenbaum, M.; Kleshchelski, I.; and Rebelo, S.. “Do Peso Problems Explain the Returns to the Carry Trade?Review of Financial Studies, 24 (2011a), 853891.Google Scholar
Burnside, C.; Eichenbaum, M.; and Rebelo, S.. “The Returns to Currency Speculation.” NBER Working Paper 12916 (2007).Google Scholar
Burnside, C.; Eichenbaum, M.; and Rebelo, S.. “Carry Trade and Momentum in Currency Markets.” Annual Review of Financial Economics, 3 (2011b), 511535.Google Scholar
Campbell, J., and Thompson, S. P.. “Predicting Excess Stock Returns Out of Sample: Can Anything Beat the Historical Average?Review of Financial Studies, 21 (2008), 15091531.Google Scholar
Clark, T. E., and McCracken, M. W.. “Reality Checks and Comparisons of Nested Predictive Models.” Journal of Business and Economic Statistics, 30 (2012), 5366.Google Scholar
Clark, T. E., and West, K. D.. “Approximately Normal Tests for Equal Predictive Accuracy in Nested Models.” Journal of Econometrics, 138 (2007), 291311.Google Scholar
Cochrane, J. H., and Piazzessi, M.. “Bond Risk Premia.” American Economic Review, 95 (2005), 138160.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Della Corte, P.; Riddiough, S.; and Sarno, L.. “Currency Premia and Global Imbalances.” Working Paper, Imperial College London (2012).Google Scholar
Engel, C.; Mark, N. C.; and West, K. D.. “Factor Model Forecasts of Exchange Rates.” Econometric Reviews, 34 (2014), 3255.Google Scholar
Fama, E. F.Forward and Spot Exchange Rates.” Journal of Monetary Economics, 14 (1984), 319338.Google Scholar
Fama, E. F., and French, K. R.. “Common Risk Factors in the Returns on Stocks and Bonds.” Journal of Financial Economics, 33 (1993), 356.Google Scholar
Ferreira, M. A., and Santa-Clara, P.. “Forecasting Stock Market Returns: The Sum of The Parts Is More Than the Whole.” Journal of Financial Economics, 100 (2011), 514537.Google Scholar
Flood, R. P., and Rose, A. K.. “Fixing Exchange Rates: A Virtual Quest for Fundamentals.” Journal of Monetary Economics, 36 (1995), 337.Google Scholar
Fratzscher, M.; Sarno, L.; and Zinna, G.. “The Scapegoat Theory of Exchange Rates: The First Tests.” Journal of Monetary Economics, 70 (2015), 121.Google Scholar
Froot, K. A., and Thaler, R. H.. “Anomalies: Foreign Exchange.” Journal of Economic Perspectives, 4 (1990), 179192.Google Scholar
Hafeez, B., and Brehon, D.. “30 Years of FX Investment Returns: dbCR and dbCR+.” In Exchange Rate Perspectives, London: Deutsche Bank (2010).Google Scholar
Hansen, L. P., and Hodrick, R. J.. “Forward Exchange Rates as Optimal Predictors of Future Spot Rates: An Econometric Analysis.” Journal of Political Economy, 88 (1980), 829853.Google Scholar
Hau, H., and Rey, H.. “Exchange Rates, Equity Prices, and Capital Flows.” Review of Financial Studies, 19 (2006), 273317.Google Scholar
Kilian, L.Exchange Rates and Monetary Fundamentals: What Do We Learn from Long-Horizon Regressions?Journal of Applied Econometrics, 14 (1999), 491510.Google Scholar
Kilian, L., and Taylor, M. P.. “Why Is It So Difficult to Beat the Random Walk Forecast of Exchange Rates?Journal of International Economics, 60 (2003), 85107.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kim, H., and Taylor, M. P.. “Large Datasets, Factor-Augmented and Factor-Only Vector Autoregressive Models, and the Economic Consequences of Mrs Thatcher.” Economica, 79 (2012), 378410.Google Scholar
Levich, R. M.Evidence on Financial Globalization and Crises: Interest Rate Parity.” In The Evidence and Impact of Financial Globalization, Vol. 3, Caprio, G., ed. London: Elsevier (2013).Google Scholar
Ludvigson, S. C., and Ng, S.. “Macro Factors in Bond Risk Premia.” Review of Financial Studies, 22 (2009), 50275067.Google Scholar
Ludvigson, S. C., and Ng, S.. “A Factor Analysis of Bond Risk Premia.” In Handbook of Empirical Economics and Finance, Vol. 1, Ulah, A. and Giles, D. E. A., eds. Boca Raton, FL: Chapman and Hall (2010).Google Scholar
Lustig, H.; Roussanov, N.; and Verdelhan, A.. “Common Risk Factors in Currency Markets.” Review of Financial Studies, 24 (2011), 37313777.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lustig, H.; Roussanov, N.; and Verdelhan, A.. “Countercyclical Currency Risk Premia and the Dollar Carry Trade.” Journal of Financial Economics, 111 (2014), 527553.Google Scholar
Mancini, L.; Ranaldo, A.; and Wrampelmeyer, J.. “Liquidity in the Foreign Exchange Market: Measurement, Commonality, and Risk Premiums.” Journal of Finance, 68 (2013), 18051841.Google Scholar
Mark, N. C.Exchange Rates and Fundamentals: Evidence on Long-Horizon Predictability.” American Economic Review, 85 (1995), 201218.Google Scholar
Menkhoff, L.; Sarno, L.; Schmeling, M.; and Schrimpf, A.. “Carry Trades and Global Foreign Exchange Volatility.” Journal of Finance, 67 (2012a), 681718.Google Scholar
Menkhoff, L.; Sarno, L.; Schmeling, M.; and Schrimpf, A.. “Currency Momentum Strategies.” Journal of Financial Economics, 106 (2012b), 660684.Google Scholar
Menkhoff, M., and Taylor, M. P.. “The Obstinate Passion of Foreign Exchange Professionals: Technical Analysis.” Journal of Economic Literature, 45 (2007), 936972.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Neely, C. J.; Rapach, D. E.; Tu, J.; and Zhou, G.. “Forecasting the Equity Risk Premium: The Role of Technical Indicators.” Management Science, 60 (2014), 17721791.Google Scholar
Newey, W. K., and West, K. D.. “A Simple, Positive Semi-Definite, Heteroskedasticity and Autocorrelation Consistent Covariance Matrix.” Econometrica, 55 (1987), 703708.Google Scholar
Plantin, G., and Shin, H. S.. “Carry Trades, Monetary Policy and Speculative Dynamics.” Working Paper, London Business School and Princeton University (2011).Google Scholar
Pojarliev, M., and Levich, R. M.. “Do Professional Currency Managers Beat the Benchmark?Financial Analysts Journal, 64 (2008), 1832.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Politis, D. N., and Romano, J. P.. “The Stationary Bootstrap.” Journal of the American Statistical Association, 89 (1994), 13031313.Google Scholar
Rapach, D.; Strauss, J.; and Zhou, G.. “Out-of-Sample Equity Premium Prediction: Combination Forecasts and Links to the Real Economy.” Review of Financial Studies, 23 (2010), 821862.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sarno, L., and Taylor, M. P.. The Economics of Exchange Rates. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press (2003).Google Scholar
Stambaugh, R. F.Predictive Regressions.” Journal of Financial Economics, 54 (1999), 375421.Google Scholar
Stock, J. H., and Watson, M. W.. “Forecasting Using Principal Components from a Large Number of Predictors.” Journal of the American Statistical Association, 97 (2002a), 11671179.Google Scholar
Stock, J. H., and Watson, M. W.. “Macroeconomic Forecasting Using Diffusion Indexes.” Journal of Business and Economic Statistics, 20 (2002b), 147162.Google Scholar
Stock, J. H., and Watson, M. W.. “Combination Forecasts of Output Growth in a Seven-Country Data Set.” Journal of Forecasting, 23 (2004), 405430.Google Scholar
Stock, J. H., and Watson, M. W.. “Forecasting with Many Predictors.” In Handbook of Economic Forecasting, Vol. 1, Elliott, G., Granger, C., and Timmermann, A., eds. Amsterdam, Netherlands: Elsevier North-Holland (2006).Google Scholar
Taylor, M. P.Covered Interest Parity: A High Frequency, High Quality Data Study.” Economica, 54 (1987), 429438.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Taylor, M. P.Covered Interest Arbitrage and Market Turbulence.” Economic Journal, 99 (1989), 376391.Google Scholar
Taylor, M. P.The Economics of Exchange Rates.” Journal of Economic Literature, 33 (1995), 1347.Google Scholar
White, H.A Reality Check for Data Snooping.” Econometrica, 68 (2000), 10971126.Google Scholar
Supplementary material: File

Filippou and Taylor supplementary material

Filippou and Taylor supplementary material

Download Filippou and Taylor supplementary material(File)
File 265.1 KB