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Acoustic oscillations driven by boundary mass exchange

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  05 March 2019

Avshalom Offner ,
Rui Yang ,
Daniel Felman ,
Nimrod Elkayam ,
Yehuda Agnon  and
Guy Z. Ramon Open the ORCID record for Guy Z. Ramon [Opens in a new window]
Avshalom Offner
Affiliation:
The Nancy and Stephen Grand Technion Energy Programme, Technion – Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 32000, Israel Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Technion – Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 32000, Israel
Rui Yang
Affiliation:
Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Technion – Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 32000, Israel
Daniel Felman
Affiliation:
Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Technion – Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 32000, Israel The Applied Mathematics Interdisciplinary Graduate Programme, Technion – Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 32000, Israel
Nimrod Elkayam
Affiliation:
The Nancy and Stephen Grand Technion Energy Programme, Technion – Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 32000, Israel Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Technion – Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 32000, Israel
Yehuda Agnon
Affiliation:
The Nancy and Stephen Grand Technion Energy Programme, Technion – Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 32000, Israel Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Technion – Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 32000, Israel The Applied Mathematics Interdisciplinary Graduate Programme, Technion – Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 32000, Israel Millstone/St. Louis Chair in Civil/Environmental Engineering, Technion – Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 32000, Israel
Guy Z. Ramon*
Affiliation:
The Nancy and Stephen Grand Technion Energy Programme, Technion – Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 32000, Israel Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Technion – Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 32000, Israel The Applied Mathematics Interdisciplinary Graduate Programme, Technion – Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 32000, Israel
*
†Email address for correspondence: ramong@technion.ac.il
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Abstract

Thermoacoustic instability – self-sustained pressure oscillations triggered by temperature gradients – has become an increasingly studied topic in the context of energy conversion. Generally, the process relies on conductive heat transfer between a solid and the fluid in which the generated pressure oscillations are sustained. In the present study, the thermoacoustic theory is extended to include mass transfer; specifically, the working fluid is modified so as to incorporate a ‘reactive’ gas, able to exchange phase with a solid/liquid boundary through a sorption process (or through evaporation/condensation), such that most heat is transferred in the form of latent heat rather than through conduction. A set of differential equations is derived, accounting for phase-exchange heat and mass transfer, and de-coupled via a small-amplitude asymptotic expansion. These equations are solved and subsequently manipulated into the form of a wave equation, representing the small perturbation on the pressure field, and used to derive expressions for the time-averaged, second-order heat and mass fluxes. A stability analysis is performed on the wave equation, from which the marginal stability curve is calculated in terms of the temperature difference, $\unicode[STIX]{x0394}T_{onset}$, required for initiation of self-sustained oscillations. Calculated stability curves are compared with published experimental results, showing good agreement. Effects of gas mixture composition are studied, indicating that a lower heat capacity of the inert component, combined with a low boiling temperature and high latent heat of the reactive component substantially lower $\unicode[STIX]{x0394}T_{onset}$. Furthermore, an increase in the average mole fraction of the reactive gas, $C_{m}$ strongly affects onset conditions, leading to $\unicode[STIX]{x0394}T_{onset}\sim 5\,^{\circ }\text{C}$ at the highest value of $C_{m}$ achievable under atmospheric pressure. An analysis of the system limit cycle is performed for a wide range of parameters, indicating a systematic decrease in the temperature difference capable of sustaining the limit cycle, as well as a significant distortion of the acoustic wave form as the phase-exchange mechanism becomes dominant. These findings, combined, reveal the underlying mechanisms by which a phase-exchange engine may produce more acoustic power than its counterpart ‘classical’ thermoacoustic system, while its temperature difference is substantially lower.

JFM classification

Phase change: Phase change Instability: Instability
Type
JFM Papers
Information
Journal of Fluid Mechanics , Volume 866 , 10 May 2019 , pp. 316 - 349
Copyright
© 2019 Cambridge University Press 

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