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Axial evolution of forced helical flame and flow disturbances

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  05 April 2018

Travis E. Smith Open the ORCID record for Travis E. Smith [Opens in a new window] ,
Christopher M. Douglas ,
Benjamin L. Emerson  and
Timothy C. Lieuwen
Travis E. Smith
Affiliation:
Department of Aerospace Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, North Avenue, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
Christopher M. Douglas
Affiliation:
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, North Avenue, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
Benjamin L. Emerson
Affiliation:
Department of Aerospace Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, North Avenue, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
Timothy C. Lieuwen*
Affiliation:
Department of Aerospace Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, North Avenue, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
*
†Email address for correspondence: tim.lieuwen@ae.gatech.edu
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Abstract

This paper presents 5 kHz stereo particle image velocimetry and OH planar laser induced fluorescence measurements of transversely forced swirl flames. The presence of transverse forcing on this naturally unstable flow both influences the natural instabilities, as well as amplifies disturbances that may not necessarily manifest themselves during natural oscillations. By manipulating the structure of the acoustic forcing field, both axisymmetric and helical modes are preferentially excited away from the frequency of natural instability. The paper presents a method for spatially interpolating the phase locked $r{-}z$ and $r{-}\unicode[STIX]{x1D703}$ planar velocity and flame position data, extracting the full three-dimensional structure of the helical disturbances. These helical disturbances are also decomposed into symmetric and anti-symmetric disturbances about the jet core, showing the subsequent axial evolution (in magnitude and phase) of each of these underlying disturbances. It is shown that out-of-phase acoustic forcing excites $m=\pm 1$ modes, but the flow field preferentially amplifies the counter-winding, co-rotating helical disturbance over the co-winding, counter-rotating helical disturbance. This causes the flow and flame to transition from a transverse flapping near the jet exit to a precessing motion further downstream. In contrast, in-phase forcing promotes axisymmetric $m=0$ disturbances which dominate the flow field over the entire axial domain. In both cases, the amplitudes of the anti-symmetric disturbances about the jet core grow with downstream distance before saturating and decaying, while the symmetric disturbances appear nearly negligible. It is suggested that this saturation and decay is due to linear effects (e.g. a negative spatial growth rate), rather than nonlinear interactions.

JFM classification

Instability: Absolute/convective instability Reacting Flows: Combustion Reacting Flows: Reacting Flows
Type
JFM Papers
Information
Journal of Fluid Mechanics , Volume 844 , 10 June 2018 , pp. 323 - 356
Copyright
© 2018 Cambridge University Press 

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