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Convective instability and transient growth in flow over a backward-facing step

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  30 April 2008

H. M. BLACKBURN ,
D. BARKLEY  and
S. J. SHERWIN
H. M. BLACKBURN
Affiliation:
Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Monash University, Victoria 3800, Australia
D. BARKLEY
Affiliation:
Mathematics Institute, University of Warwick, Coventry CV47AL, UK, and Physique et Mécanique des Milieux Hétérogènes, Ecole Supérieure de Physique et Chimie Industrielles de Paris, (PMMH UMR 7636-CNRS-ESPCI-P6-P7), 10 rue Vauquelin, 75231 Paris, France
S. J. SHERWIN
Affiliation:
Department of Aeronautics, Imperial College London, SW72AZ, UK
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Abstract

Transient energy growths of two- and three-dimensional optimal linear perturbations to two-dimensional flow in a rectangular backward-facing-step geometry with expansion ratio two are presented. Reynolds numbers based on the step height and peak inflow speed are considered in the range 0–500, which is below the value for the onset of three-dimensional asymptotic instability. As is well known, the flow has a strong local convective instability, and the maximum linear transient energy growth values computed here are of order 80×103 at Re = 500. The critical Reynolds number below which there is no growth over any time interval is determined to be Re = 57.7 in the two-dimensional case. The centroidal location of the energy distribution for maximum transient growth is typically downstream of all the stagnation/reattachment points of the steady base flow. Sub-optimal transient modes are also computed and discussed. A direct study of weakly nonlinear effects demonstrates that nonlinearity is stablizing at Re = 500. The optimal three-dimensional disturbances have spanwise wavelength of order ten step heights. Though they have slightly larger growths than two-dimensional cases, they are broadly similar in character. When the inflow of the full nonlinear system is perturbed with white noise, narrowband random velocity perturbations are observed in the downstream channel at locations corresponding to maximum linear transient growth. The centre frequency of this response matches that computed from the streamwise wavelength and mean advection speed of the predicted optimal disturbance. Linkage between the response of the driven flow and the optimal disturbance is further demonstrated by a partition of response energy into velocity components.

Type
Papers
Information
Journal of Fluid Mechanics , Volume 603 , 25 May 2008 , pp. 271 - 304
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2008

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