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Energy spectra in turbulent bubbly flows

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  15 February 2016

Vivek N. Prakash ,
J. Martínez Mercado ,
Leen van Wijngaarden ,
E. Mancilla ,
Y. Tagawa ,
Detlef Lohse  and
Chao Sun
Vivek N. Prakash
Affiliation:
Physics of Fluids Group, Faculty of Science and Technology, J.M. Burgers Center for Fluid Dynamics, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
J. Martínez Mercado
Affiliation:
Physics of Fluids Group, Faculty of Science and Technology, J.M. Burgers Center for Fluid Dynamics, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands
Leen van Wijngaarden
Affiliation:
Physics of Fluids Group, Faculty of Science and Technology, J.M. Burgers Center for Fluid Dynamics, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands
E. Mancilla
Affiliation:
Physics of Fluids Group, Faculty of Science and Technology, J.M. Burgers Center for Fluid Dynamics, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands Instituto de Investigaciones en Materiales, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México Distrito Federal 04510, México
Y. Tagawa
Affiliation:
Physics of Fluids Group, Faculty of Science and Technology, J.M. Burgers Center for Fluid Dynamics, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands Department of Mechanical Systems Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 1848588, Koganei-city, Tokyo, Japan
Detlef Lohse
Affiliation:
Physics of Fluids Group, Faculty of Science and Technology, J.M. Burgers Center for Fluid Dynamics, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands Max Planck Institute for Dynamics and Self-Organization, D-37077 Göttingen, Germany
Chao Sun*
Affiliation:
Physics of Fluids Group, Faculty of Science and Technology, J.M. Burgers Center for Fluid Dynamics, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands Center for Combustion Energy and Department of Thermal Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
*
†Email address for correspondence: chaosun@tsinghua.edu.cn
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Abstract

We conduct experiments in a turbulent bubbly flow to study the nature of the transition between the classical $-5/3$ energy spectrum scaling for a single-phase turbulent flow and the $-3$ scaling for a swarm of bubbles rising in a quiescent liquid and of bubble-dominated turbulence. The bubblance parameter (Lance & Bataille J. Fluid Mech., vol. 222, 1991, pp. 95–118; Rensen et al., J. Fluid Mech., vol. 538, 2005, pp. 153–187), which measures the ratio of the bubble-induced kinetic energy to the kinetic energy induced by the turbulent liquid fluctuations before bubble injection, is often used to characterise bubbly flow. We vary the bubblance parameter from $b=\infty$ (pseudoturbulence) to $b=0$ (single-phase flow) over 2–3 orders of magnitude (0.01–5) to study its effect on the turbulent energy spectrum and fluctuations in liquid velocity. The probability density functions (PDFs) of the fluctuations in liquid velocity show deviations from the Gaussian profile for $b>0$, i.e. when bubbles are present in the system. The PDFs are asymmetric with higher probability in the positive tails. The energy spectra are found to follow the $-3$ scaling at length scales smaller than the size of the bubbles for bubbly flows. This $-3$ spectrum scaling holds not only in the well-established case of pseudoturbulence, but surprisingly in all cases where bubbles are present in the system ($b>0$). Therefore, it is a generic feature of turbulent bubbly flows, and the bubblance parameter is probably not a suitable parameter to characterise the energy spectrum in bubbly turbulent flows. The physical reason is that the energy input by the bubbles passes over only to higher wavenumbers, and the energy production due to the bubbles can be directly balanced by the viscous dissipation in the bubble wakes as suggested by Lance & Bataille (1991). In addition, we provide an alternative explanation by balancing the energy production of the bubbles with viscous dissipation in the Fourier space.

JFM classification

Multiphase and Particle-laden Flows: Gas/liquid flow Multiphase and Particle-laden Flows: Multiphase and Particle-laden Flows Turbulent Flows: Turbulent Flows
Type
Papers
Information
Journal of Fluid Mechanics , Volume 791 , 25 March 2016 , pp. 174 - 190
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Copyright
© 2016 Cambridge University Press 

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