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Universal solutions for Boussinesq and non-Boussinesq plumes

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  11 February 2010

T. S. VAN DEN BREMER  and
G. R. HUNT
T. S. VAN DEN BREMER
Affiliation:
Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Imperial College London, Imperial College Road, London SW7 2AZ, UK
G. R. HUNT*
Affiliation:
Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Imperial College London, Imperial College Road, London SW7 2AZ, UK
*
†Email address for correspondence: gary.hunt@imperial.ac.uk
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Abstract

Closed-form solutions describing the behaviour of buoyant axisymmetric turbulent rising plumes and fountains, emitted vertically from area sources in unconfined quiescent environments of uniform density, are proposed in a form that is universally applicable to Boussinesq and non-Boussinesq plumes. This paper, thereby, generalizes the results obtained separately for steady Boussinesq and non-Boussinesq plumes, including asymptotic virtual source corrections. The flux balance parameter Γ = Γ(z), a local Richardson number, is instrumental in describing the behaviour of steady plumes and the initial rise behaviour of fountains with height z. Non-dimensional graphs (cf. the ‘scale diagrams’ of Morton & Middleton, J. Fluid Mech., vol. 58, 1973, pp. 165–176) are plotted, showing certain characteristic heights for different source conditions, characterized by one single source flux balance parameter, giving a unique representation of the behaviour of Boussinesq fountains and both Boussinesq and non-Boussinesq plumes. Finally, a length scale has been identified that characterizes the height over which non-Boussinesq effects are important for lazy plumes rising from area sources.

Type
Papers
Information
Journal of Fluid Mechanics , Volume 644 , 10 February 2010 , pp. 165 - 192
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2010

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