¹ See B.S.A. xiv. pp. 226–228. Grave 74, p. 228, n. 3, is the heading under which the finds made above Grave 75 (below p. 342) were entered in my day-book; cp. below n. 44 and also Grave* 36, J.H.S. xxix. p. 329. Grave 4 was not referred to in B.S.A. xiv. p. 228, n. 3, as its contents had not yet been cleaned and mended. It proves to be earlier than the other graves with which it was mentioned ib. n. 5, and has therefore been transferred to this article. The article on ‘Kothons,’ referred to B.S.A. xiv. p. 228, has had to be deferred for J.H.S. xxxi. It and an article mainly on certain individual vases found in 1907–8 that is to be published in Ἐφ. Ἀρχ. 1911 are being prepared by Professor Burrows and myself in collaboration. The rest of our unpublished material we are preparing independently. Professor Burrows will publish his finds of 1909; while I am undertaking what still remains from 1907 and 1908. We hope by this means to get on more rapidly with the work.

² B.S.A, xiv. p. 227, n. 1.

³ 49, 50, 51, 31, 26, 18, 22, B.S.A. xiv.; 40, 12, 46, J.H.S. xxix.

⁴ P. 314 (where, l. 6, for 74 read 75, and for omission of Grave 4 see above, n. 1.)

⁵ B.S.A. xiv. p. 252.

⁶ Ib. p. 259.

⁷ Ib. p. 268.

⁸ J.H.S. xxix. p. 313.

⁹ B.S.A. xiv. p. 259.

¹⁰ Ib. p. 266, wrongly (?) catalogued as Proto-Corinthian, ; cp., however, J.H.S. xxix. pp. 344–5Google Scholar; see also below p. 338, n. 26; p. 351, n. 74.

¹¹ B.S.A. xiv. p. 259.

¹² Ib. p. 258; cp. Grave 4, No. 38 (below, p. 356) and note ad loc.

¹³ J.H.S. xxix. pp. 309–310.

¹⁴ B.S.A. xiv. p. 252.

¹⁵ Ib. p. 305, J.H.S. xxix. p. 308.

¹⁶ ‘Group A quatrefoil’ of J.H.S. xxix. pp. 309–310.

¹⁷ P. 337, notes 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 11.

¹⁸ Mainly in the slightly varied ‘Group B cinquefoil’ type, J.H.S. xxix. p. 310.

¹⁹ Cp. the last phase of the Boeotian, Kylix style, B.S.A. xiv, pp. 312 and 313Google Scholar, n. 1.

²⁰ Grave 14, No. 1; cp. Graves 13, Nos. 1 and 2 (Figs. 9 and 10) and 75, No. 3 (Fig. 6). Cp. also Grave 49. No. 420, B.S.A. xiv. p. 255, but note it has no incisions.

²¹ Grave 14, Nos. 2–13, cp. Grave 13, Nos. 13 and 14. From our B. K., graves, only bombylii are Grave 50, Nos. 259 and 260, B.S.A. xiv. p. 259Google Scholar and Pl. X. h), both coarse and large (cp. size of late Mon. Ant. i. p. 846, Sep. civ. Bombylii with the floral ornament typical of the aryballoi from B. K. graves are very rare. I know only Bari No. 3589 (from Nola) and Furtwängler, , Aegina, p. 454Google Scholar and Pl. CXXVIII. 31 (an unusual variety).

²² Graves 14, Nos. 23 and 24, 4 Nos. 19 and 20 (Fig. 17); cp. Grave 13, No. 12 (Fig. 12, probably predecessor in shape as well as decoration of Graves 14 and 4 type), and contrast Grave 4, No. 1 and Group A parallels to it, quoted above. For a small bombylios with double incised lines for orange quarterings see B.M. A 1670₁₀ (from tomb of Menekrates) and cp. last note.

²³ Grave 4, Nos. 41–43; cp. Graves 75, Nos. 8, 9, 10 (Fig. 6), 6 Nos. 10 (Fig. 8) and 11.

²⁴ Orsi, , Notiz. 1895, p. 113Google Scholar; Dragendorff, , Thera, ii. p. 192Google Scholar; Pfuhl, , Ath. Mitt. xxviii. p. 201Google Scholar; Hoppin, , Argive Heraeum, ii. p. 126Google Scholar; Furtwängler, , Aegina, pp. 448–9Google Scholar; Graef, , Vasenscherben v. der Akrop. pp. 41–42Google Scholar (who observes that Grave 6 form does not occur among the Acropolis sherds); cp. also signed vase Tarbell and Buck, , Rev. Arch. 1902, p. 41 fGoogle Scholar.

²⁵ Cp. Graef, op. cit. p. 42, No. 405; perhaps wrong, however, in quoting his own No. 406, Taf. 15, and Masner, Vienna Catalogue, No. 47 (like Grave 14, Nos. 12 and 13, and therefore presumably later than the Grave 13 types) as among earliest known examples.

The apparently similar bombylios mit Streifen und alternierenden Punktreihen, , Furtwängler, , Olympia iv. p. 201Google Scholar, inscribed Σημωνίδης μ᾿ ἀνέθηκε in lettering assigned by Kirchoff, , Arch. Zeit, xxxvi, p. 143Google Scholar, to the sixth century, seems to favour our dating for the type, but the inscription is not Corinthian but Attic or Ionic, and was erst in das fertige Gefäss eingeritzt (Furtwängler ad loc. ). It is therefore possibly later than the vase.

²⁶ Our series of graves seems to favour the view of an uninterrupted development from early P.-C. to late Corinthian (cp. Orsi, , Notiz. 1895, pp. 113 f.Google Scholar; Pallat, , Ath. Mitt. xxii. pp. 314 f.Google Scholar; Hoppin, , Argive Heraeum ii. pp. 122–3Google Scholar; Pottier, , Catalogue ii. pp. 424–5)Google Scholar, and to go against the position of Loeschcke, (Arch. Anz. 1891, p. 16)Google Scholar, Wilisch, (Altkor. Tonind, p. 122 and n. 450)Google Scholar, Böhlau, (Nekropolen pp. 113 fGoogle Scholar.) and Couve, (Rev. Arch. 1898, pp. 218 fGoogle Scholar.), to which Orsi, too seems now cautiously to incline (Mon. Ant. xvii. pp. 158, 254–5)Google Scholar, that Corinthian developed independently of P.-C. and that vases like our Grave 13, No. 14 are P.-C. under the influence of developed Corinthian (Couve, ib. p. 225, Böhlau, ib. p. 113). The date of Grave 13 makes this scarcely possible for our particular vase. The decoration of the two Grave 13 bombylii is to be paralleled not from the Grave 14 bombylii, but from lekythoi of the Grave 13 form (cp. e.g. Grave 13, Nos. 3–7, scales; Delphi, , Fouilles v. p. 152Google Scholar, Fig. 630, bird; Notiz. 1895, p. 137, nearer still earlier Grave 6 form, grazing stag and fill ornament), a form that appears scarcely to have survived the beginnings of Corinthian (Wilisch, ib. p. 7). The bombylii in Grave 13 weaken also Wilisch's argument (ib. p. 122), that Corinthian cannot have developed out of P. -C., because its range of vase forms is different. They suggest rather that the change of vase forms was one aspect of the development from P.-C. to Corinthian.

Our graves throw no light on the position of vases of the class of the Macmillan, lekythos, J.H.S. x. p. 253Google Scholar, xi. p. 167, on which see recently Washburn, , Jahrb. 1906, pp. 116 f.Google Scholar, Orsi, , Mon. Ant. xvii. pp. 156–8Google Scholar.

²⁷ See, e.g., Grave 46, J.H.S. xxix. pp. 321–3. For P.-C. cp. also Orsi, , Mon. Ant. xiv. pp. 891 and 939Google Scholar, Dragendorff, , Thera ii. p. 192Google Scholar, and references B.S.A. xiv. p. 314, n. 2. Cp. also the way that b.-f. and r.-f. persisted each in one or two stereotyped forms after the later black-glaze ware had become the general vogue.

²⁸ See above, p. 337.

²⁹ See B.S.A. xiv. p. 315.

³⁰ Cp. Louvre A 572, Pottier Pl. XXI. See also B. S. A. xiv. p. 315, n. 4.

³¹ Fairbanks, , Boston Museum Report, 1897, p. 22Google Scholar, No. 5; hgt. ·13 m., diam. ·288 m. Inside is figured J.H.S. xxix. p. 350.

³² B.S.A. xiv. p. 315, n. 3. To B. K. examples add Brussels, Mus. du Cinquantenaire A 40, Athens Nos. 240, 243 (Collignon and Couve Nos. 434 and 442; Böhlau, , Jahrb. 1888Google Scholar, Nos. 27 and 53).

³³ Called Thebes-Tanagra, ware, B. S. A. xiv. pp. 311, 312Google Scholar.

³⁴ We may conjecture graves where the number of objects was between the 30 or 40 of Graves 14 and 4 and the 300 or 400 of Graves 49, 50, 51. Possibly the Group A Grave 40, J.H.S. xxix. p. 310, with only 137 objects and no b.-f., is earlier than Graves 49, 50, 51, B.S.A. xiv. pp. 250 f., but in quality as well as quantity of furniture it is poorer than the others, and in any case it does not fill the gap.

³⁵ Wilisch, op. cit. pp. 19, 115; Graef, , Vasen, v. d. Akrop. i. p. 44Google Scholar; cp., however, Böhlau, , Nekrop, p. 122Google Scholar.

³⁶ Cp., e.g., B.M. B36 with Rhitsóna, B.S.A. xiv. p. 254Google Scholar, Nos. 266, 267 (dance); Louvre E 620, Pottier, Pl. LXIV, with Rhitsóna, ib. Pl. Xa (dance); Cambridge, Pitzwilliam Museum No. 45, Cat. Pl. VIII, with Rhitsóna, ib. Pl. Xk (cocks); Furtwängler and Reichold Taf. 31 with Rhitsóna, ib. p. 261, Grave 50, No. 265 (lion).

³⁷ Early red-ground ware was found in a ‘Corinthian’ grave excavated by Professor Burrows in 1909; but his finds of that year have not been cleaned or mended, and it is impossible to speak in any detail about their character.

³⁸ E.g. Cambridge, Fitzwilliam Museum No. 45 and B.M. B 36 (quoted n. 36); B.M. B 37; Louvre E, 623, 630, 634, 637, 640, 642 (Pottier, Plates XLV.–L. and pp. 53–58).

³⁹ Cp. also tongue pattern on red-ground B.M., Corinthian B 37 with that on ‘Thebes Tanagra’ παπᾶς (see B.S.A. xiv. p. 311Google Scholar, n. 5). Athens No. 4305.

⁴⁰ Cp. (except colour) Athens, Argive Heraeum, No. 581.

⁴¹ Cp. Wide, , Jahrb. 1899, p. 78Google Scholar, and B.S.A. xiv. p. 317.

⁴² Cp. Jahrb. 1888, p. 339, No. 60; also Louvre A 563, Pottier p. 24; Grave 6, No. 2, and below, No. 4.

⁴³ Cp. Athens, No. 192 (inscribed ὅς νῦν ὀρχηστῶν etc. See Studniczka, , Ath. Mitt. xviii. p. 225)Google Scholar, Jahrb. iii. p. 248, top fig., from Thebes, and Furtwängler ad loc., who saw in it a connexion between Geometric and Proto-Corinthian (cp. Orsi, , Notiz. 1893 pp. 450–1)Google Scholar; B.M. A 1670₁, from tomb of Menekrates at Corfu, , J.H.S. xi. p. 175Google Scholar, where, if it really belongs, it appears to be a survival into the Corinthian period. For same shape in B.K., see Arch. Anz. 1895, p. 33Google Scholar, Fig. 3.

⁴⁴ The grave lies immediately below a wall of large squared blocks (a-δ, B.S.A. xiv. p. 230, Fig. 1, to be published later) which goes down to a depth of l·38m. Just W. of this, at a depth of 1·14 to l·24m., were found the objects that were provisionally recorded as Grave 74 (see above, n. 1), viz.—a few bones; a small black-glaze jug ·10 m. high; an aryballos mouth with black concentric circles on greenish buff; body of a coarse little Proto-Corinthian lekythos like B.M. 1894, 11–1, No. 501 (Amathus) and Argive Heraeum ii. p. 124, Fig. 44; fragments recalling Grave 1, No. 1; three round-sectioned handles, two probably black glaze, the third perhaps Geometric; and a terracotta fragment, ·08m. long, rounded section, tapering in breadth from ·04 m. to ·03 m., in thickness from ·03 m. to ·02 m., dark brown very heavy clay, with bands of sharp zigzag on thicker part, across front and down one side; decoration stands out in relief from a sunk surface. The spot where the ‘Grave 74’ objects were found must have been disturbed when the wall was built, so that it is impossible to draw any certain inferences from the juxtaposition of any of the finds. Nothing found between 1·38 m. (bottom of wall) and 3·04m. (Grave 75, Nos. 1–3).

⁴⁵ Cp. Böhlau, , Jahrb. 1888. p. 352Google Scholar and Fig. 32; Dragendorff, , Thera ii. p. 205Google Scholar, Fig. 414 (found with Geometric); Athens No. 145 (Coll. and Couve, Pl. XVI. No. 378); ib. No. 681 (Kerameikos); ib. Argive Heraeum Nos. 503, 508, 511, 512, 565 (Argive Heraeum ii. p. 143, Fig. 84). See also J.H.S. xxix. p. 348, n. 178 and cp. B.S.A. xiv. p. 316, n. 5.

⁴⁶ Cp. Aegina, , Pallat, , Ath. Mitt. xxii. p. 297Google Scholar, Figs. 22 and 23, and Furtwängler, , Aegina, p. 446Google Scholar and Taf. 124, Nos. 2, 6, 7, 8, 9; Eleusis, Skias, Ἐφ. Ἀρχ. 1898, pp. 106, 115 [at Eleusis 7 examples—Nos. 682 683, 830, 831, 926, 927, 928 of Skias' valuable unpublished catalogue of the finds from each grave—were found in three graves with numerous geometric vases]; Gela, , Mon. Ant. xvii. p. 231Google Scholar, Fig. 183 (found with Corinthian); Megara Hyblaea, ib. p. 231, n. 1; Munich, Glyptothek, Samml. Arndt, No. 876; Berlin, No. 3331, Arch. Anz. 1895, p. 33. Fig. 1 (Thebes); Athens, No. 12944; also Jahrb. xiv. p. 124 (Wolters, ); Argive Heraeum ii. p. 100Google Scholar (misquoted in Orsi, ); Thera ii. p. 196Google Scholar (Dragendorff); similar but not incised; classed with incised by Orsi, Dragendorff, Wolters (loc. cit. ); cp. below, n. 48.

⁴⁷ Cp. Bonn No. 741, Boeotia, , wavy purple and straight black horizontal bands on cream; and, for shape, Jahrb. 1888, p. 339Google Scholar, No. 60 (Fig. 18, p. 340) and Grave 1, No. 3.

⁴⁸ Cp. Louvre A 503, A 506 (both Eleusis), A 357 (Rhodes), A 499 (Megara). For connexion with No. 1 cp. Louvre A 497 and 498 (Megara, like No. 1, but no incisions) with B.M. A 442 (Kameiros), ib. acquired 1909, 4–9, Nos. 2, 3, 4 (Boeotia), Eleusis Museum No. 682, like our No. 4, but incised.

⁴⁹ Cp. B.M. A 1061 (Kameiros).

⁵⁰ Cp. Delphi, , Fouilles v. Fasc. ii. p. 148Google Scholar, Fig. 611.

⁵¹ Or perhaps birds facing one another and pecking the ground, cp. Argive Heraeum ii. p. 127, Fig. 53,

⁵² Cp. J.H.S. xxix. p. 311, Grave 40, No. 3.

⁵³ Cp. Jahrb. 1888, p. 361, No. 3.

⁵⁴ Cp. ib. p. 364.

⁵⁵ Cp. ib. p. 364 and 363, Fig. m.

⁵⁶ The numbers of the graves from 1–22 (i.e. those opened in 1907) indicate the order in which they were opened. Small fragments of bones, such as were often all we were able to find, even when the men had been trained to look for them, were possibly destroyed more than once during the first few days' digging.

⁵⁷ See Dragendorff, , Thera ii. p. 113–4Google Scholar; cp. Orsi, , Mon. Ant. i. p. 776Google Scholar and Sep. xix. and Rhitsóna unpublished Hellenistic graves.

⁵⁸ Cp. Athens No. 12692, labelled Crete: burnt underneath.

⁵⁹ Dörpfeld, (Ath. Mitt. 1908, p. 319)Google Scholar uses fragments of similar ware as one proof of the walls at the Olympian Pisa being prehistoric, although no ‘Mycenean’ ware was found ‘trotz eifrigen Suchens,’ and ‘more recent’ graves were opened by the peasants on the S. W., slope. So at Olympia Ath. Mitt. 1908, p. 190Google Scholar, he takes similar pottery as helping to show certain houses to be prehistoric, though other fragments were of a ‘hellgrau’ and ‘bläulich’ well baked ware that Furtwängler put into the seventh century; note too, ib. pp. 191–2, ‘eine kleine Grabung auf und an dem Kronoshügel lieferte einige prähistorische und viele griechische Scherben.’ Ware of this kind is doubtless mainly prehistoric: much of it seems to be so in the Olympia district, cp. ib. p. 321, found at Arene with not a few Mycenean sherds and apparently nothing post-Mycenean. But our Graves 13 and 14 show that such ware sometimes survived into the historic period, and that where found alone, or with a preponderance of late ware and nothing else, it can be used as an argument for early dating only with great caution; especially where, as probably at Olympia, vases were kept rather for use than ornament (Furtwängler, , Olympia, iv. p. 198)Google Scholar. For incisions somewhat recalling ours on geometric ware cp. Athens No. 808 (Collignon, and Couve, , Pl. VIII. No. 130, Ath. Mitt. xviii, p. 119)Google Scholar.

⁶⁰ Cp. B.M. A 1024, 1025; Louvre E 309 (Pottier, Pl. 39); Athens No. 12724, three examples (Rhodes); Brussels, Mus. du Cinquantenaire, R 209; Aegina, , Aphaia, Pl. 126, 10Google Scholar; Delphi, , Fouilles, v. p. 152Google Scholar, Fig. 628.

The Grave 13 lekythoi are probably to be classed as late P.-C. rather than early Corinthian, cp. Furtwängler, Berl. Cat. No. 341 f.; Wilisch, , Altkor. Tonind. pp. 7 and 8Google Scholar; Graef, op. cit. p. 42, No. 400.

⁶¹ Cp. B.M. A 1068; Cambridge, Fitzwilliam Museum, No. 27, Catalogue, Pl. III. (bombylii).

⁶² Cp. B.M. A 1026 (shape nearer our No. 12).

⁶³ Cp. Gela, , Mon. Ant. xvii. p. 114Google Scholar, Fig. 81 (but scales pointing upwards).

This and No. 14 are probably to be classed as P.-C. Cp. Graef, , Vasen, v. d. Akrop. p. 42Google Scholar, Nos. 400 and 405, but cp. also Furtwängler, , Olympia iv. p. 201Google Scholar, Inv. Tc. 2471 (like our No. 13) ‘altkorinthisch den…protokorinthischen Sachen nahe.’

⁶⁴ Cp. Graves 14 and 4.

⁶⁵ Cp. B.M. A 1064. For stags, bird, and fill ornament see n. 26.

⁶⁶ For its occurrence on B.K., see B. S. A. xiv. p. 315Google Scholar.

⁶⁷ So Athens, No. 12692.

⁶⁸ Cp. Jahrb. i. p. 147.

⁶⁹ Cp. Athens, No. 300 (Collignon and Couve, No. 539); Munich, Glyptothek, Samml. Arndt. No. 886. Salzmann, Camiros, Pl. XXXV.

⁷⁰ Wilisch, , Altkor. Tonind. p. 44Google Scholar.

⁷¹ Cp. e.g. B.M. A 1413, 1415, 1417, 1418, 1419; Athens, Nos. 984, 985 (Boeotia); Brussels, Mus. du Cinquantenaire, A 52.

⁷² Cp. B.M. A 1423.

⁷³ Cp. Thera ii. p. 73, Fig. 256; B.M. A 1073, A 1427; Cambridge, Fitzwilliam Mus, No. 25 b; Bologna, Pellegrini, No. 53.

⁷⁴ Cp. B.M. A 1670₁₁ (tomb of Menekrates); Louvre E32 (Pottier Pl. 39); Athens, No. 13528 (Etruria); Bologna, Pellegrini, Nos. 49–52; Aegina, Fnrtwängler, p. 454; Cambridge, Fitzwilliam Mus., No. 26.

Nos. 12 and 13 would presumably be classed as P.-C. by Graef (op. cit. No. 406, Taf. 15) and (?) Masner (Vienna Catalogue, No. 47, but cp. Nos. 82 and 83); but in that case it is scarcely possible to draw a line that does not class all our Grave 4 as P.-C.; cp. successively Masner, No. 47; Grave 14, Nos. 12 and 13; Grave 4, Nos. 10–15; ib. 4 and 9; ib. 5–8; ib. the rest of Nos. 1–33. Cp. above n. 26.

⁷⁵ Powdery, , cp. later (Class ii. B. S. A. xiv. p. 309)Google Scholar Boeotian kylikes and παπάδϵς.

⁷⁶ Cp. Salzmann, Camiros, Pl. XL.; Oxford, Ashmolean Catalogue, Fig. 9; for motive cp. Arch. Anz. 1889, p. 91 (‘Chalcidic amphora).

⁷⁷ Cp. No. 17.

⁷⁸ Cp. B.M. A 1028, A 1030, A 1031 (cp. A 1029, and Delphi, Fouilles v. Fasc. ii. No. 89, Fig. 569, double incisions); Thera ii. p. 34, Fig. 102; and perhaps Mon. Ant. i. pp. 799, 820, Sepp. iv. xxx. inadequately described.

⁷⁹ Cf. Mon. Ant. i. p. 857 Sep. cxliv.; Furtwängler, , Aegina, p. 454Google Scholar.

⁸⁰ Cp. Louvre E 332 (Pottier, Pl. 39); B.M. A 1091, A 1591.

⁸¹ Cp. Schimatari (Tanagra) Museum, 273 examples; Haussoullier, , Quo modo Tanagraei, p. 81Google Scholar; Jahrb. i. p. 144 (among ·79 from one grave, K 10, Cyprus, ); Ath. Mitt. xxviii. p. 205Google Scholar (Thera); Furtwängler, , Aegina, p. 454Google Scholar; Mon. Ant. i. (Megara Hyblaea) Sepp. xxvi. ccxix., ccxxxvii.; ib. xvii. (Gela) Fig. 447; B.M. A 1444–1447, 1518, 1519; Trieste Museum: cp. also warriors on bronze situla, Bologna B 303.

⁸² Cp. Grave 14, Nos. 25–28, Figs. 15 and 16.

⁸³ Cp. Athens, No. 12724, B.M. A 1065 (shape of Grave 13, Nos. 3–7); Athens, No. 12460 (Boeotia), B.M. A 1073 (bombylii); Cambridge, Fitzwilliam Mus. No. 114 of acquisition book (Boeotian Kylix).

⁸⁴ Cp. Grave 14, Nos. 23 and 24.

⁸⁵ Cp. Jahrb. i. p. 145 (from Grave K 10 of above, n. 81); Hoppin, , Argive Heraeum ii. p. 155Google Scholar, ‘aryballos of coarse red clay with black glaze on the shoulder. The rest of the vase is entirely covered with a white wash, almost entirely worn away, with no traces of other decoration.’

⁸⁶ Cp. Bologna, Pellegrini, Fig. 12; Athens, No. 262 (Collignon and Couve, No. 518, Pl. XXII.); B.M. A 1361, A 1364, A 1670₈ (tomb of Menekrates).

⁸⁷ Cp. Jahrb. ii. Pl. II. Figs. 1, 1a(Tanagra); Bologna, Pellegrini, Fig. 8 (Sicyon, ); Thera ii. p. 23Google Scholar. Fig. 49; Notiz. 1895, p. 191, Fig. 94.

⁸⁸ Like, e.g. Grave 50, Nos. 13–15 (B.S.A. xiv. p. 258); cp. Mon. Ant. i. p. 859, Sep. cliii.; or Ruvo Museum, Case VII. and B.M. A 1505, A 1596 (decorated like our Nos. 10–15); or B.M. A 1473–1478 (Corinthian animal frieze); or Bologna, Pellegrini, Fig. 11 (owl like Grave 14, No. 17).

⁸⁹ Cp. J.H.S. xiii. p. 253, Figs. 22, 32; Mon. Ant. xvii. p. 132, Fig. 97 (found with large Corinthian, bombylios); Notiz. 1895, p. 169Google Scholar, Fig. 60.