Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-mlc7c Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-12T14:57:25.711Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Correlation between nasal mucosal temperature change and the perception of nasal patency: a literature review

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  22 February 2021

R Tjahjono  and
N Singh
R Tjahjono*
Affiliation:
Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Westmead Hospital, Sydney, Australia Faculty of Medicine, University of Sydney, Australia
N Singh
Affiliation:
Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Westmead Hospital, Sydney, Australia Faculty of Medicine, University of Sydney, Australia
*
Author for correspondence: Dr Richard Tjahjono, Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Westmead Hospital, Westmead, NSW2145, Australia E-mail: richardtjahjono@gmail.com Fax: +61 8890 9852
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Background

The mechanism of nasal airflow sensation is poorly understood. This study aimed to examine the role of nasal mucosal temperature change in the subjective perception of nasal patency and the methods by which it can be quantified.

Method

Medline and PubMed database searches were performed to retrieve literature relevant to the topic.

Results

The primary mechanism producing the sensation of nasal patency is thought to be the activation of transient receptor potential melastatin family member 8 (‘TRPM8’), a thermoreceptor that is activated by nasal mucosal cooling. Computational fluid dynamics studies have demonstrated that increased airflow and heat flux are correlated with better patient-reported outcome measure scores. Similarly, physical measurements of the nasal cavity using temperature probes have shown a correlation between lower nasal mucosal temperatures and better patient-reported outcome measure scores.

Conclusion

Nasal mucosal temperature change may be correlated with the perception of improved nasal patency. Future research should quantify the impact of mucosal cooling on the perception of nasal airway obstruction.

Keywords

Nasal ObstructionflowThermoreceptorsTemperatureFluid Dynamics
Type
Review Article
Information
The Journal of Laryngology & Otology , Volume 135 , Issue 2 , February 2021 , pp. 104 - 109
Copyright
Copyright © The Author(s), 2021. Published by Cambridge University Press

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

Footnotes

Dr R Tjahjono takes responsibility for the integrity of the content of the paper

Paper presented at the New Zealand Society of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery 72nd Annual Scientific Meeting, 18 October 2019, Dunedin, New Zealand.

References

Tjahjono, R, Alvarado, R, Kalish, L, Sacks, R, Campbell, R, Marcells, G et al. Health impairment from nasal airway obstruction and changes in health utility values from septorhinoplasty. JAMA Facial Plast Surg 2019;21:146–51CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hawthorne, G, Korn, S, Richardson, J. Population norms for the AQoL derived from the 2007 Australian National Survey of Mental Health and Wellbeing. Aust N Z J Public Health 2013;37:7–16CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Deconde, AS, Mace, JC, Bodner, T, Hwang, PH, Rudmik, L, Soler, ZM et al. SNOT-22 quality of life domains differentially predict treatment modality selection in chronic rhinosinusitis. Int Forum Allergy Rhinol 2014;4:972–9CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Soler, ZM, Wittenberg, E, Schlosser, RJ, Mace, JC, Smith, TL. Health state utility values in patients undergoing endoscopic sinus surgery. Laryngoscope 2011;121:2672–8CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Vossius, C, Nilsen, OB, Larsen, JP. Health state values during the first year of drug treatment in early-stage Parkinson's disease. Drugs Aging 2009;26:973–80CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kontodimopoulos, N, Argiriou, M, Theakos, N, Niakas, D. The impact of disease severity on EQ-5D and SF-6D utility discrepancies in chronic heart failure. Eur J Health Econ 2011;12:383–91CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Szende, A, Leidy, N, Ståhl, E, Svensson, K. Estimating health utilities in patients with asthma and COPD: evidence on the performance of EQ-5D and SF-6D. Qual Life Res 2009;18:267–72CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Jessen, M, Malrn, L. Definition, prevalence and development of nasal obstruction. Allergy 1997;52:3–6CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Yaniv, E, Hadar, T, Shvero, J, Raveh, E. Objective and subjective nasal airflow. Am J Otolaryngol 1997;18:29–32CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Rhee, JS, Sullivan, CD, Frank, DO, Kimbell, JS, Garcia, GJ. A systematic review of patient-reported nasal obstruction scores: defining normative and symptomatic ranges in surgical patients. JAMA Facial Plast Surg 2014;16:219–25CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Pawar, SS, Garcia, GJ, Kimbell, JS, Rhee, JS. Objective measures in aesthetic and functional nasal surgery: perspectives on nasal form and function. Facial Plast Surg 2010;26:320–7CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Singh, A, Patel, N, Kenyon, G, Donaldson, G. Is there objective evidence that septal surgery improves nasal airflow? J Laryngol Otol 2006;120:916–20CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Illum, P. Septoplasty and compensatory inferior turbinate hypertrophy: long-term results after randomized turbinoplasty. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 1997;254:S89–92CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Dinis, PB, Haider, H. Septoplasty: long-term evaluation of results. Am J Otolaryngol 2002;23:85–90CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Zhao, K, Blacker, K, Luo, Y, Bryant, B, Jiang, J. Perceiving nasal patency through mucosal cooling rather than air temperature or nasal resistance. PLoS One 2011;6:e24618CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Eccles, R, Jones, AS. The effect of menthol in nasal resistance to air flow. J Laryngol Otol 1983;97:705–9CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Naito, K, Ohoka, E, Kato, R, Kondo, Y, Iwata, S. The effect of L-menthol stimulation of the major palatine nerve on nasal patency. Auris Nasus Larynx 1991;18:221–6CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Sozansky, J, Houser, SM. The physiological mechanism for sensing nasal airflow: a literature review. Int Forum Allergy Rhinol 2014;4:834–8CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Babes, A, Ciobanu, AC, Neacsu, C, Babes, R-M. TRPM8, a sensor for mild cooling in mammalian sensory nerve endings. Curr Pharm Biotechnol 2011;12:78–88CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Buday, T, Brozmanova, M, Biringerova, Z, Gavliakova, S, Poliacek, I, Calkovsky, V et al. . Modulation of cough response by sensory inputs from the nose - role of trigeminal TRPA1 versus TRPM8 channels. Cough 2012;8:11CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Liu, SC, Lu, HH, Cheng, LH, Chu, YH, Lee, FP, Wu, CC et al. Identification of the cold receptor TRPM8 in the nasal mucosa. Am J Rhinol Allergy 2015;29:E112–16CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Baraniuk, JN. Pathogenic mechanisms of idiopathic nonallergic rhinitis. World Allergy Organ J 2009;2:106–14CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Sullivan, CD, Garcia, GJM, Frank-Ito, DO, Kimbell, JS, Rhee, JS. Perception of better nasal patency correlates with increased mucosal cooling after surgery for nasal obstruction. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2014;150:139–47CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Andre, RF, Vuyk, HD, Ahmed, A, Graamans, K, Nolst Trenite, GJ. Correlation between subjective and objective evaluation of the nasal airway. A systematic review of the highest level of evidence. Clin Otolaryngol 2009;34:518–25CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bailey, RS, Casey, KP, Pawar, SS, Garcia, GJM. Correlation of nasal mucosal temperature with subjective nasal patency in healthy individuals. JAMA Facial Plast Surg 2017;19:46–52CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Baraniuk, JN. Subjective nasal fullness and objective congestion. Proc Am Thorac Soc 2011;8:62–9CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Naftali, S, Rosenfeld, M, Wolf, M, Elad, D. The air-conditioning capacity of the human nose. Ann Biomed Eng 2005;33:545–53CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Lindemann, J, Keck, T, Scheithauer, MO, Leiacker, R, Wiesmiller, K. Nasal mucosal temperature in relation to nasal airflow as measured by rhinomanometry. Am J Rhinol 2007;21:46–9CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Baraniuk, JN, Kim, D. Nasonasal reflexes, the nasal cycle, and sneeze. Curr Allergy Asthma Rep 2007;7:105–11CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Daniel, M, Raghavan, U. Relation between epistaxis, external nasal deformity, and septal deviation following nasal trauma. Emerg Med J 2005;22:778–9CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Casey, KP, Borojeni, AA, Koenig, LJ, Rhee, JS, Garcia, GJ. Correlation between subjective nasal patency and intranasal airflow distribution. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2017;156:741–5CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Scheithauer, MO. Surgery of the turbinates and “empty nose” syndrome. GMS Curr Top Otorhinolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2010;9:Doc03Google ScholarPubMed
Kimbell, J, Frank, D, Laud, P, Garcia, G, Rhee, J. Changes in nasal airflow and heat transfer correlate with symptom improvement after surgery for nasal obstruction. J Biomech 2013;46:2634–43CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Wang de, Y, Lee, HP, Gordon, BR. Impacts of fluid dynamics simulation in study of nasal airflow physiology and pathophysiology in realistic human three-dimensional nose models. Clin Exp Otorhinolaryngol 2012;5:181–7CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Leong, SC, Chen, XB, Lee, HP, Wang, DY. A review of the implications of computational fluid dynamic studies on nasal airflow and physiology. Rhinology 2010;48:139–45Google ScholarPubMed
Cant, S. High-performance computing in computational fluid dynamics: progress and challenges. Philos Trans A Math Phys Eng Sci 2002;360:1211–25CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Zhao, K, Jiang, J, Blacker, K, Lyman, B, Dalton, P, Cowart, BJ et al. Regional peak mucosal cooling predicts the perception of nasal patency. Laryngoscope 2014;124:589–95CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Xiong, G-X, Zhan, J-M, Jiang, H-Y, Li, J-F, Rong, L-W, Xu, G. Computational fluid dynamics simulation of airflow in the normal nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses. Am J Rhinol 2008;22:477–82CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Yu, S, Liu, Y, Sun, X, Li, S. Influence of nasal structure on the distribution of airflow in nasal cavity. Rhinology 2008;46:137–43Google ScholarPubMed
Patel, RG, Garcia, GJ, Frank-Ito, DO, Kimbell, JS, Rhee, JS. Simulating the nasal cycle with computational fluid dynamics. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2015;152:353–60CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Gaberino, C, Rhee, JS, Garcia, GJ. Estimates of nasal airflow at the nasal cycle mid-point improve the correlation between objective and subjective measures of nasal patency. Respir Physiol Neurobiol 2017;238:23–32CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Lindemann, J, Leiacker, R, Rettinger, G, Keck, T. Nasal mucosal temperature during respiration. Clin Otolaryngol Allied Sci 2002;27:135–9CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Willatt, DJ, Jones, AS. The role of the temperature of the nasal lining in the sensation of nasal patency. Clin Otolaryngol Allied Sci 1996;21:519–23CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed