Traditionally, hospital emergency readiness plans primarily addressed natural disasters, but because of preparations for year 2000, the arrival of terrorism in the United States, and the potential for mass casualties, hospitals were prompted to bring together new partners and create new emergency readiness plans. These new plans, however, give rise to a number of important issues hospitals must consider. First, hospitals must consider legal liability that might arise during an emergency. For example, what liability might arise when decision are made regarding the provision of individual treatment versus mass triage? Second, hospitals must be cognizant of relevant privacy rules, such as the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA), as they apply to public health emergencies activities. Third, hospitals must be aware of the Emergency Medical Treatment and Active Labor Act (EMTALA) which requires Medicarefunded hospitals to screen patients for emergency medical conditions and prohibits their transfer until they are stabilized.