Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-fbnjt Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-14T09:29:30.608Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Benzoxazine resin and their nanostructured composites cure kinetic by DSC

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  11 November 2013

Cirlene Fourquet Bandeira ,
Aline Cristina Pereira ,
Edson Cocchieri Botelho  and
Michelle Leali Costa
Cirlene Fourquet Bandeira*
Affiliation:
Materials and Technology Department, São Paulo University (UNESP), Guaratinguetá, São Paulo, Brazil 12516-410
Aline Cristina Pereira
Affiliation:
Materials and Technology Department, São Paulo University (UNESP), Guaratinguetá, São Paulo, Brazil 12516-410
Edson Cocchieri Botelho
Affiliation:
Materials and Technology Department, São Paulo University (UNESP), Guaratinguetá, São Paulo, Brazil 12516-410
Michelle Leali Costa
Affiliation:
Materials and Technology Department, São Paulo University (UNESP), Guaratinguetá, São Paulo, Brazil 12516-410; and Materials Division, Institute of Aeronautics and Space, São José dos Campos, São Paulo, Brazil 12228-904
*
a)Address all correspondence to this author. e-mail: cirlenefourquet@yahoo.com.br
Get access

Abstract

Benzoxazine resins are a new class of thermosetting phenolic resins that have emerged in recent decades, overcoming the traditional properties of epoxy and phenolic resins applied in the aerospace industry. The incorporation of low mass concentration of carbon nanotube (CNT) in polymer matrices can produce structural materials with superior properties. Thus, this work aims to prepare nanostructured composite benzoxazine resin/CNT and to evaluate the cure kinetic study by differential scanning calorimetry of neat benzoxazine resin and their nanostructured composites produced. Calculations of the activation energy, the reaction order, and kinetic constants are performed by a nonisothermal procedure. In general, it was observed that CNTs act as catalysts for curing the benzoxazine matrix without affecting the initial and final cure temperatures.

Keywords

benzoxazine resincarbon nanotubesdifferential scanning calorimetry (DSC) kinetics
Type
Articles
Information
Journal of Materials Research , Volume 28 , Issue 22 , 28 November 2013 , pp. 3094 - 3099
Copyright
Copyright © Materials Research Society 2013 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

REFERENCES

Shen, S.B.: Development and characterization of high-perfomance polybenzoxazines, and related composites. Ph.D. Thesis. Case Western Reserve University, OH, 1995.Google Scholar
Pereira, A.C.: Benzoxazine resin and their nanostructured composites cure kinetic and thermal properties studies. Master of Science Thesis, UNESP, São Paulo, Brazil, 2011. (in portuguese).Google Scholar
Agag, T. and Takeich, T.: High-molecular-weight AB-type benzoxazine as new precursor for high-performance thermosets. J. Polym. Sci. 45, 1878 (2006).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nakamura, M. and Ishida, H.: Synthesis and properties of a new crosslinkage telechelics with benzoxazine moiety at the chain end. Polymer 50, 2688 (2009).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chernykh, A., Liu, J., and Ishida, H.: Synthesis and properties of a new crosslinkage polymer containing benzoxazine moiety in the main chain. Polymer 47, 7664–7669 (2006).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ishida, H. and Rodriguez, Y.: Curing kinetics of a new benzoxazine-based phenolic resin by differential scanning calorimetry. Polymer 36, 3151–3158 (1995).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jubsilp, C., Punson, K., Takeichi, T., and Rimdusit, S.: Curing kinetics of benzoxazine-epoxy copolymer investigated by non-isothermal differential scanning calorimetry. Polym. Degrad. Stab. 95, 918–924 (2010).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ghosh, N.N., Kiskan, B., and Yagci, Y.: Polybenzoxazines - new high performance thermosetting resins: Synthesis and properties. Prog. Polym. Sci. 32, 1344–1391 (2007).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chernykh, A., Agag, T., and Ishida, H.: Synthesis of linear polymer containing benzoxazine moieties in the chain with high molecular design versatility via click reaction. Polymer 50, 382–390 (2009).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ishida, H. and Allen, D.J.: Physical and mechanical characterization of near-zero shrinkage polybenzaxazines. J. Polym. Sci. 34, 1019–1030 (1996).3.0.CO;2-T>CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ishida, H. and Allen, D.J.: Mechanical characterization of copolymers based on benzoxazine and epoxy. Polymer 34, 4487–4495 (1996).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Takeichi, T. and Agag, T.: High performance polybenzoxazines as novel thermosets. Polymer 18, 777–797 (2006).Google Scholar
Kiskan, B., Aydogan, B., and Yagci, Y.: Synthesis, characterization, and thermally activated curing of oligosiloxanes containing benzoxazine moieties in the main chain. J. Polym. Sci. 47, 804–811 (2009).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kiskan, B., Ghosh, N.N., and Yagci, Y.: Polybenzoxazine - based composite as high-performance materials. Polym. Int. Soc. Chem. Ind. 60, 167–177 (2010).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Santhosh Kumar, K.S., Reghunadhan Nair, C.P., and Ninan, K.N.: Rheokinetic investigations on the thermal polymerization of benzoxazine monomer. Thermochim. Acta 441, 150–155 (2006).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Oriakhi, C.O.: Polymer nanocomposition approach to advanced materials. J. Chem. Educ. 77, 1138–1146 (2000).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Iijima, S.: Helical microtubules of graphitic carbon. Nature 354, 56 (1991).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fiedler, B., Gojny, F.H., Wichmann, M.H.G., Nolte, M.C.M., and Schulte, K.: Fundamental aspects of nano-reinforced composites. Compos. Sci. Technol. 66, 3115–3125 (2006).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Awasthi, K., Srivastava, A., and Srivastava, O.N.: Synthesis of carbon nanotubes. J. Nanosci. Nanotechnol. 5, 1616–1636 (2005).CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Moniruzzaman, M., Du, F., Romero, N., and Winey, K.I.: Increased flexural modulus and strength in SWNT/epoxy composites by a new fabrication method. Polymer 47, 293–298 (2006).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Green, M.J., Behabtu, N., Pasquali, M., and Adams, W.W.: Nanotubes as polymers. Polymer 50, 4979–4997 (2009).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Thostenson, E.T., Ren, Z., and Chou, T.W.: Advances in the science and technology of carbon nanotubes and their composites: a review. Compos. Sci. Technol. 61, 1899–1912 (2001).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ajayan, P.M.: Nanotubes from carbon. Chem. Rev. 99, 1787–1799 (1999).CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Moniruzzaman, M. and Winey, K.I.: Polymer nanocomposites containing carbon nanotubes. Macromolecules 39, 5194–5205 (2006).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chen, Q., Xu, R.W., and Yu, D.S.: Multiwalled carbon nanotube/polybenzoxazine nanocomposites: Preparation, characterization and properties. Polymer 47, 7711–7719 (2006).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Yang, L., Zhang, C., Pilla, S., and Gong, S.: Polybenzoxazine-core shell rubber-carbon nanotube nanocomposites. Composites Part A 39, 1653–1659 (2008).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Huang, J.M., Tsai, M.F., Yang, S.J., and Chiu, W.M.: Preparation and thermal properties of multiwalled carbon nanotube/polybenzoxazine nanocomposites. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 122, 1898–1904 (2011).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Liu, Y.H., Wang, B., and Jing, X.L.: Thermal properties of hyperbranched polyborate functionalized multiwall carbon nanotube/polybenzoxazine composites. Polym. Compos. 32, 1352–1361 (2011).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wang, Y.H., Chang, C.M., and Liu, Y.L.: Benzoxazine-functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotubes for preparation of electrically-conductive polybenzoxazines. Polymer 53, 106–112 (2012).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chapartegui, M., Barcena, J., Irastorza, X., Elizetxea, C., Fiamegkou, E., Kostopoulos, V., and Santamaria, A.: Manufacturing, characterization and thermal conductivity of epoxy and benzoxazine multi-walled carbon nanotube buckypaper composites. J. Compos. Mater. 47, 1705–1715 (2013).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Untem, F.O., Botelho, E.C., Rezende, M.C., and Costa, M.L.: Benzoxazine resin/carbon nanotube nanostructured composite’s degradation kinetic. J. Nanosci. Nanotechnol. 13, 1–6 (2013).Google Scholar
Costa, M.L., Paiva, J.M.F., Botelho, E.C., and Rezende, M.C.: Thermal stability evaluation and glass transition temperature of differential aeronautical polymeric composites. Polym. Plast. Technol. Eng. 45, 1143 (2006).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Prime, R.B.: Thermosets in Thermal Characterization of Polymeric Materials; Turi, E.A. ed.; Academic Press: New York, 1981.Google Scholar
Loos, A.C. and Springer, G.S.: Curing of grafite/epoxy composites. Washington NASA, AFWAL-TR-83–4040 (1983)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sbirrazzuoli, N. and Vyazovkin, S.: Learning about epoxy cure mechanism from isoconversional analysis of DSC data. Thermochim. Acta 388, 289–298 (2002).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ozawa, T.: A new method of analyzing TG data. Anal. Chem. 38, 1881 (1965).Google Scholar
Kishore, K., Vermeker, V.R.P., and Mohan, K.: Differential scanning calorimetric studies on ammonium perchlorate. Thermochim. Acta 13, 277 (1975).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
American Society for Testing and Material. ASTM E 2070: Standard test method for kinetic parameters by differential scanning calorimetry using isothermal methods. US (2008).Google Scholar
Calado, V.M.A. and Advani, S.G.: Thermoset resin cure kinetics and rheology. In Processing of Composites; Davé, R.S. and Loos, A.C. ed. (Hanser Publishers, Munich, Germany, 2000); pp. 32–107.Google Scholar
American Society for Testing and Material. ASTM E 2041: Standard test method for estimating kinetic parameters by differential scanning calorimeter using the Borchardt and Daniels method. US (2008).Google Scholar
Wang, Y. and Ishida, H.. Development of low-viscosity benzoxazine resins and their polymers. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 86, 2953 (2002).CrossRefGoogle Scholar