Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-t7czq Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-24T23:24:00.776Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Effect of the composition on the morphology and mechanical properties of nanoporous carbon monoliths derived from phenol–formaldehyde/poly(methyl methacrylate) blends

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  10 November 2015

Xiaopeng Wang ,
Zhenhua Luo ,
Fenghua Chen ,
Li Ye ,
Hao Li  and
Tong Zhao
Xiaopeng Wang
Affiliation:
High Technology Materials Laboratory, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China; and University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
Zhenhua Luo*
Affiliation:
High Technology Materials Laboratory, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China; and University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
Fenghua Chen
Affiliation:
High Technology Materials Laboratory, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China; and University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
Li Ye
Affiliation:
High Technology Materials Laboratory, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China; and University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
Hao Li
Affiliation:
High Technology Materials Laboratory, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China; and University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
Tong Zhao*
Affiliation:
High Technology Materials Laboratory, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China; and University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
*
a)Address all correspondence to these authors. e-mail: z.h.luo@iccas.ac.cn
b)e-mail: tzhao@iccas.ac.cn
Get access

Abstract

Nanoporous carbon monoliths with different pore structures were obtained by carbonizing cured phenol–formaldehyde (PF) resin/poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) blends. The effect of the molecular weight of PMMA, reaction activity of PF, and content ratio of compositions on the pore structure of carbon monoliths was systematically investigated, with emphasis on controlling the morphology of the nanostructure and pore size distribution. Nanostructures were an important factor in determining the compressive strength of porous carbon monoliths. The relationship between the nanoporous structure of carbon monoliths and compressive strength was revealed. Co-continuous pores provided escape channels for those volatile gases produced in the carbonization process to escape, reducing inner stress of the carbon materials. During compressive loading, co-continuous pores could also help to scatter and absorb the stress and energy. Porous carbon monoliths with a compressive strength of 34 MPa were obtained, and the compressive strength increased by 580% compared with that of carbon monoliths obtained from pure PF.

Keywords

nanostructureporositystrength
Type
Articles
Information
Journal of Materials Research , Volume 30 , Issue 22 , 27 November 2015 , pp. 3412 - 3422
Copyright
Copyright © Materials Research Society 2015 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

REFERENCES

Guha, A., Lu, W., Zawodzinski, T.A., and Schiraldi, D.A.: Surface-modified carbons as platinum catalyst support for PEM fuel cells. Carbon 45(7), 1506 (2007).Google Scholar
Yu, J.S., Kang, S., Yoon, S.B., and Chai, G.: Fabrication of ordered uniform porous carbon networks and their application to a catalyst supporter. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 124(32), 9382 (2002).Google Scholar
Merritt, A., Rajagopalan, R., and Foley, H.C.: High performance nanoporous carbon membranes for air separation. Carbon 45(6), 1267 (2007).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kim, B., Lee, Y., and Park, S.: Novel porous carbons synthesized from polymeric precursors for hydrogen storage. Int. J. Hydrogen Energy 33(9), 2254 (2008).Google Scholar
Li, Q., Jiang, R., Dou, Y., Wu, Z., Huang, T., Feng, D., Yang, J., Yu, A., and Zhao, D.: Synthesis of mesoporous carbon spheres with a hierarchical pore structure for the electrochemical double-layer capacitor. Carbon 49(4), 1248 (2011).Google Scholar
Wang, Y., Tan, S., and Jiang, D.: The effect of porous carbon preform and the infiltration process on the properties of reaction-formed SiC. Carbon 42(8–9), 1833 (2004).Google Scholar
Xu, S., Qiao, G., Li, D., Yang, H., Liu, Y., and Lu, T.: Reaction forming of silicon carbide ceramic using phenolic resin derived porous carbon preform. J. Eur. Ceram. Soc. 29(11), 2395 (2009).Google Scholar
Teng, H. and Wang, S-C.: Preparation of porous carbons from phenol–formaldehyde resins with chemical and physical activation. Carbon 38(6), 817 (2000).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fuertes, A.B. and Centeno, T.A.: Mesoporous carbons with graphitic structures fabricated by using porous silica materials as templates and iron-impregnated polypyrrole as precursor. J. Mater. Chem. 15(10), 1079 (2005).Google Scholar
Zhai, Y., Dou, Y., Liu, X., Park, S.S., Ha, C-S., and Zhao, D.: Soft-template synthesis of ordered mesoporous carbon/nanoparticle nickel composites with a high surface area. Carbon 49(2), 545 (2011).Google Scholar
Zhang, J., Deng, Y., Wei, J., Sun, Z., Gu, D., Bongard, H., Liu, C., Wu, H., Tu, B., Schüth, F., and Zhao, D.: Design of amphiphilic ABC triblock copolymer for templating synthesis of large-pore ordered mesoporous carbons with tunable pore wall thickness. Chem. Mater. 21(17), 3996 (2009).Google Scholar
Lu, A.H., Hao, G.P., Sun, Q., Zhang, X.Q., and Li, W.C.: Chemical synthesis of carbon materials with intriguing nanostructure and morphology. Macromol. Chem. Phys. 213(10–11), 1107 (2012).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fan, L.Z., Hu, Y.S., Maier, J., Adelhelm, P., Smarsly, B., and Antonietti, M.: High electroactivity of polyaniline in supercapacitors by using a hierarchically porous carbon monolith as a support. Adv. Funct. Mater. 17(16), 3083 (2007).Google Scholar
Hozer, L., Lee, J-R., and Chiang, Y-M.: Reaction-infiltrated, net-shape SiC composites. Mater. Sci. Eng., A 195, 131 (1995).Google Scholar
Yang, H., Shi, Q., Liu, X., Xie, S., Jiang, D., Zhang, F., Yu, C., Tu, B., and Zhao, D.: Synthesis of ordered mesoporous carbon monoliths with bicontinuous cubic pore structure of Ia3d symmetry. Chem. Commun. (23), 2842 (2002).Google Scholar
Wang, L., Lin, S., Lin, K., Yin, C., Liang, D., Di, Y., Fan, P., Jiang, D., and Xiao, F-S.: A facile synthesis of highly ordered mesoporous carbon monolith with mechanically stable mesostructure and superior conductivity from SBA-15 powder. Microporous Mesoporous Mater. 85(1–2), 136 (2005).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Liu, L.S., Liu, Z.Y., Yang, J.L., Huang, Z.G., and Liu, Z.H.: Effect of preparation conditions on the properties of a coal-derived activated carbon honeycomb monolith. Carbon 45(14), 2836 (2007).Google Scholar
Hao, G.P., Li, W.C., Qian, D., Wang, G.H., Zhang, W.P., Zhang, T., Wang, A.Q., Schuth, F., Bongard, H.J., and Lu, A.H.: Structurally designed synthesis of mechanically stable poly(benzoxazine-co-resol)-based porous carbon monoliths and their application as high-performance CO2 capture sorbents. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 133(29), 11378 (2011).Google Scholar
Yamazaki, M., Kayama, M., Ikeda, K., Alii, T., and Ichihara, S.: Nanostructured carbonaceous material with continuous pores obtained from reaction-induced phase separation of miscible polymer blends. Carbon 42(8–9), 1641 (2004).Google Scholar
Astarloa-Aierbe, G., Echeverría, J.M., Martin, M.D., and Mondragon, I.: Kinetics of phenolic resol resin formation by HPLC. 2. Barium hydroxide. Polymer 39(15), 3467 (1998).Google Scholar
Ko, T.H., Kuo, W.S., and Chang, Y.H.: Microstructural changes of phenolic resin during pyrolysis. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 81(5), 1084 (2001).Google Scholar
Lei, S.W., Guo, Q.G., Shi, J.L., and Liu, L.: Preparation of phenolic-based carbon foam with controllable pore structure and high compressive strength. Carbon 48(9), 2644 (2010).Google Scholar