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Float-Zone Growth and Properties of Ferroelectric Lead Titanate

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  03 March 2011

N. Maffei  and
G.A. Rossetti Jr.
N. Maffei*
Affiliation:
Materials Technology Laboratory, Natural Resources Canada, Ottawa, Ontario K1A OG3, Canada
G.A. Rossetti Jr.
Affiliation:
Department of Ceramic and Materials Engineering, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey 08855
*
a)Address all correspondence to this author. e-mail: nmaffei@nrcan.gc.ca © Her Majesty the Queen in Right of Canada, as represented by the Minister of Natural Resources, 2003.
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Abstract

Lead titanate (PbTiO3) is a ferroelectric/piezoelectric material widely used in medical ultrasound transducers and infrared detectors. It is also important as an end member of morphotropic solid-solution systems such as Pb(Zn1/3Nb2/3)–PbTiO3 (PZN–PT) and Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)–PT (PMN–PT) that exhibit exceptional electromechanical properties as oriented single crystals. The float-zone technique has been used to grow pure crystals of lead titanate. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first time that the growth of this compound by the float-zone technique has been reported. The principal advantage of the float-zone technique is that no container is required so that a uniform distribution of chemical constituents can be obtained while eliminating problems of heterogeneous nucleation and metal contamination at the container wall. Although large single crystals were not obtained in the current study primarily due to instabilities of the molten liquid zone, the combined results of characterization by electron probe microanalysis, x-ray diffraction, specific heat, and dielectric permittivity measurements show that the float-zone crystal growth technique can produce lead titanate crystals of high chemical and phase purity. However, the results show that to obtain large single crystals, the stability of the molten zone at low cooling rates must be improved.

Keywords

Crystal growthFerroelectricZone melting
Type
Articles
Information
Journal of Materials Research , Volume 19 , Issue 3 , March 2004 , pp. 827 - 833
Copyright
Copyright © Materials Research Society 2004

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